静电纺聚丙烯腈/线性酚醛树脂碳纳米纤维电极的制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20200603108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究炭化温度对碳纳米纤维电极性能的影响,采用静电纺丝法制备了聚丙烯腈/线性酚醛树脂(PAN/PF)纳米纤维,然后经不同温度炭化处理得到不同结构与性能的碳纳米纤维,并制备成电极材料。对碳纳米纤维的表面形貌、比表面积、孔结构、石墨化程度和元素含量,以及碳纳米纤维电极的电化学性能进行测试与表征。结果表明:PAN/PF碳纳米纤维具有高的比表面积、分级多孔结构、良好的纤维连通以及优异的石墨化程度;当炭化温度为1 000 ℃时,碳纳米纤维的比表面积达到1 468 m²/g,总孔体积为0.89 cm³/g,相应电极的比电容达到395 F/g;当炭化温度为1 200 ℃时,碳纳米纤维的导电性能最佳,电导率为8.23 S/cm,其制备的电极材料具有最高的比电容保持率,为63%。

关键词: 炭化温度, 静电纺丝, 碳纳米纤维, 电极, 超级电容器

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of carbonization temperature on the performance of carbon nanofiber electrode, polyacrylonitrile/linear phenolic resin(PAN/PF)nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning method. Following this, carbon nanofibers (CNF) with different structures and properties were obtained by adopting different carbonization temperatures, which were used as electrode materials. The surface morphology, specific surface area, pore structure, graphitization degree and element content of the carbon nanofibers were measured and characterized. The results show that PAN/PF carbon nanofibers have high specific surface area, hierarchical porous structure, good fiber connectivity and excellent graphitization. When the carbonization temperature is 1 000 ℃, the specific surface area of CNF is as high as 1 468 m²/g, the total pore volume is as high as 0.89 cm³/g, and the specific capacitance of the corresponding electrode is as high as 395 F/g. When the carbonization temperature is 1 200 ℃, the conductivity of CNF is at its best (8.23 S/cm), and the corresponding electrode reaches the highest capability retaining rate (63%).

Key words: carbonization temperature, electrospinning, carbon nanofiber, electrode, supercapacitor

中图分类号:

TS101.8

王赫, 王洪杰, 阮芳涛, 凤权. 静电纺聚丙烯腈/线性酚醛树脂碳纳米纤维电极的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(01): 22-29.

WANG He, WANG Hongjie, RUAN Fangtao, FENG Quan. Preparation and properties of carbon nanofiber electrode made from electrospun polyacrylonitrile/linear phenolic resin[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(01): 22-29.

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样品编号	最大直径/nm	最小直径/nm	平均直径/nm
1^#	550	230	350
2^#	410	200	290
3^#	380	80	230

样品编号	比表面积/	总孔体积/	介孔体积/	介孔含量/	微孔体积/	微孔含量/	微孔比表面积/	平均孔径/
样品编号	(m²·g^-1)	(cm³·g^-1)	(cm³·g^-1)	%	(cm³·g^-1)	%	(m²·g^-1)	nm
1^#	560	0.44	0.12	27	0.32	73	727	2.5
2^#	1 468	0.89	0.17	19	0.72	81	1 559	2.2
3^#	1 160	0.64	0.11	17	0.53	83	1 208	2.0

样品编号	d/ nm	L_c/ nm	R	电导率/ (S·cm^-1)
1^#	0.399	1.00	1.45	5.49
2^#	0.403	1.31	1.17	7.38
3^#	0.399	1.41	1.04	8.23