纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 18-25.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210205608

所属专题： 印染废水处理技术

• 纺织科技新见解学术沙龙专栏: 纤维微塑料削减与可持续发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

水环境中纤维微塑料去除技术研究展望

陈俊良1,2, 乌婧1,3, 王华平1,3, 杨建平1,2()   

  1. 1. 东华大学 纤维材料改性国家重点实验室, 上海 201620
    2. 东华大学 材料科学与工程学院,上海 201620
    3. 东华大学 纺织产业关键技术协同创新中心, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-22 修回日期:2021-03-11 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨建平
  • 作者简介:陈俊良(1995—),男,博士生。主要研究方向为面向环境微塑料的催化降解体系的设计。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部霍英东青年基金项目(171041);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2232021A-02)

Research prospect of fibrous microplastics removal in aquatic environment

CHEN Junliang1,2, WU Jing1,3, WANG Huaping1,3, YANG Jianping1,2()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    3. Co-Innovation Center for Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2021-02-22 Revised:2021-03-11 Published:2021-06-15 Online:2021-06-25
  • Contact: YANG Jianping

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摘要：

微塑料作为一种水环境中大量存在的新兴污染物已引起学者和公众的重视,而且目前常用的污水处理工艺无法实现对微塑料的完全去除,导致大量的小尺寸微塑料和纤维微塑料在水环境中积累,对生物体造成持续危害。为减少环境中的微塑料污染,通过对现有的水环境微塑料去除技术相关工作的综述,探讨了各项技术的去除机制、效率和可行性。并针对目前传统水处理工艺对去除纤维微塑料的低效和纤维微塑料去除相关研究工作的匮乏,从传统水处理工艺的改革、纤维微塑料的重视程度、纤维微塑料无害化去除手段的探索、纤维微塑料的资源化利用4个方面对未来纤维微塑料去除技术的发展趋势进行展望。

关键词: 微塑料, 污水处理, 纤维微塑料, 去除技术, 水环境

Abstract:

As an emerging pollutants in aquatic environment, microplastics are attracting the attention from researchers and the general public. The traditional operations in wastewater treatment plants cannot completely remove the microplastics, and the leaked small sized microplastics and fibrous microplastics continuously accumulate in the environment causing harm to living things. In order to reduce the pollution of microplastics in the environment, this review summarized the current microplastics removal technologies in aquatic environment and discussed the mechanism, efficiency and feasibility of these technologies. Furthermore, with respect to the low fibrous microplastics removal efficiency during traditional water treatments as well as the lack of efforts on fibrous microplastics removal among current researches, the development trend of fibrous microplastics removal technologies in the future was prospected from four aspects, which are the reform of traditional water treatments, the importance of fibrous microplastics, exploration of thorough and innocuous removal of fibrous microplastics, and utilization of fibrous microplastics as resources.

Key words: microplastic, wastewater treatment, fibrous microplastic, removal technology, aquatic environment

中图分类号: 

  • TS102

图1

污水处理厂相对于原水的微塑料去除率以及微塑料重回水环境的途径"

表1

微塑料去除技术对比"

去除技术 去除对象 去除体系 去除率/% 优点 缺点 参考文献
混凝 PE颗粒 FeCl3·6H2O 13.27±2.19 PAM的加入可明显提高去除率 对于直径小于1 μm的微塑料去除能力较差 [31]
PE颗粒 FeCl3·6H2O + PAM 90.91±1.01 [31]
过滤 混合微塑料 反渗透膜 90.45 对于尺寸大于膜孔径的微塑料去除率较高 膜污染 [29]
硅藻土 动态模 浊度去除率99.49 能耗低,利用微塑料形成动态模 进水浊度越高,污染物泄露越严重 [32]
混合微塑料 膜生物反应器 99.9 目前所报道的最高去除率 膜污染、堵塞和破损 [33]
吸附 PS微球 3DRGO 56.08~89.04 最大吸附能力为
617.28 mg/g 		去除率随微塑料浓度的升高而下降,暂处于实验室阶段 [34]
PS纳米球 Zn-Al LDH 96 最大吸附能力为
164.49 mg/g 		水中阴离子与微塑料吸附,暂处于实验室阶段 [35]
高级氧化 PE颗粒 SR-AOPs 54(质量减少) 降解产物毒性低 降解体系在密闭条件下进行,暂处于实验室阶段 [36]
PVC颗粒 电类芬顿 56(质量减少) 避免额外加入H2O2、活性物种在电驱动下持续再生 [37]
光催化 PS微球 固相光催化 98.4(矿化率) 绿色、高效地彻底去除微塑料 单次微塑料处理量较低,需要提供额外的紫外光源 [38]
PET微纤维 液相光催化 未计算 利用可见光,将纤维微塑料转化成小分子化学品、降解同时产氢 纤维微塑料质量浓度小于5 mg/mL时反应不发生 [39]
微生物降解 PET薄片 LCC酶解 60(14 d) 花费较低 降解速率慢、效率低 [40]
PET薄片 改性LCC酶解 90(10 h) 降解速率快,效率高 酶改性过程较为困难 [41]
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