阻燃涤纶/海藻酸钙纤维复合材料的制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20200902906

纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (07): 19-24.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200902906

• 特约专栏:纺织材料阻燃新技术 • 上一篇下一篇

阻燃涤纶/海藻酸钙纤维复合材料的制备及其性能

徐凯¹^,², 田星¹, 曹英², 何雅琦², 夏延致¹, 全凤玉¹^,²()

1.青岛大学生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071
2.青岛大学材料科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2020-09-14 修回日期:2021-03-01 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-07-22
通讯作者: 全凤玉
作者简介:徐凯 (1996—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为海洋高分子材料。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0309000)

Preparation and property of flame retardant polyester/calcium alginate fiber composites

XU Kai¹^,², TIAN Xing¹, CAO Ying², HE Yaqi², XIA Yanzhi¹, QUAN Fengyu¹^,²()

1. State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China

Received:2020-09-14 Revised:2021-03-01 Published:2021-07-15 Online:2021-07-22
Contact: QUAN Fengyu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对海藻酸钙纤维阴燃的现象,通过标准纤维解离器将阻燃涤纶与海藻酸钙纤维共混制备了阻燃复合材料,对复合材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性以及锥形量热测试后的残渣微观形貌进行表征。结果表明:当阻燃涤纶与海藻酸钙纤维以质量比为40∶60混合时,复合材料的阴燃时间小于1 s,损毁长度为12 mm;在燃烧过程中,阻燃涤纶受热熔融覆盖在海藻酸钙纤维表面,隔绝了海藻酸钙纤维与空气的接触,从而抑制海藻酸钙纤维的阴燃;与阻燃涤纶相比,复合材料具有较低的热释放量和烟释放量;在复合材料质量损失的第3个阶段(350~600 ℃),海藻酸钙纤维热分解的中间产物避免了阻燃涤纶的快速分解,提高了复合材料的稳定性,促进了残炭的形成。

关键词: 复合纤维, 功能性纤维, 海藻酸钙纤维, 阻燃涤纶, 阴燃, 熔滴, 阻燃机制

Abstract:

Facing the smoldering phenomenon of calcium alginate, the flame retardant composite was prepared by blending flame retardant polyester (FR-PET) and calcium alginate fiber (Ca-Alg) with a standard fiber dissociator. The flame-retardancy, thermal stability and morphology of the residue after conic calorimetry were characterized. The results show that when the mass ratio of FR-PET to Ca-Alg is 40∶60, the smoldering time of the composite is less than 1 s and the damage length is 12 mm. In the process of combustion, the melted FR-PET covers the surface of Ca-Alg fiber, which not only avoids the melting drop of FR-PET but also isolates the contact between Ca-Alg and air, thus inhibiting the smoldering of Ca-Alg. Furthermore, the composite has lower total heat release and total smoke production compared with FR-PET. In the third stage of mass loss of composites (350-600 ℃), the results of thermogravimetric analysis show that the intermediate products of thermal decomposition of Ca-Alg avoid the rapid decomposition of FR-PET, improves the stability of the composites and promotes the formation of residual carbon.

Key words: composite fiber, functional fiber, calcium alginate fiber, flame retardant polyester, smoldering, melting drop, flame retardant mechanism

中图分类号:

TQ341.9

徐凯, 田星, 曹英, 何雅琦, 夏延致, 全凤玉. 阻燃涤纶/海藻酸钙纤维复合材料的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(07): 19-24.

XU Kai, TIAN Xing, CAO Ying, HE Yaqi, XIA Yanzhi, QUAN Fengyu. Preparation and property of flame retardant polyester/calcium alginate fiber composites[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(07): 19-24.

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样品编号	LOI值/%	续燃时间/s	阴燃时间/s	损毁长度/mm
1^#	24.5	0	—	完全损毁
2^#	24.7	0	1 388	56
3^#	25.1	0	240	8
4^#	28.3	0	<1	12
5^#	26.4	0	30	24
6^#	30.8	3	0	39

样品编号	引燃时间/s	热释放速率峰值/(kW·m^-2)	总热释放量/ (MJ·m^-2)	烟释放速率峰值/(m²·s^-1)	总烟释放量/ (m²·m^-2)
1^#	58	136	7.12	0.007 0	0.05
4^#	49	257	11.29	0.075 2	1.77
6^#	68	316	12.66	0.203 1	5.62

阻燃涤纶/海藻酸钙纤维复合材料的制备及其性能

Preparation and property of flame retardant polyester/calcium alginate fiber composites

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