纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (08): 194-201.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200707008

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

分散染料的细化分散及其对粒径影响研究进展

邱靖斯1, 刘越1,2()   

  1. 1.绍兴文理学院 纺织服装学院, 浙江 绍兴 312000
    2.浙江省清洁染整技术研究重点实验室, 浙江 绍兴 312000
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-27 修回日期:2021-05-08 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 刘越
  • 作者简介:邱靖斯(1993—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为纺织品清洁染色技术。

Research progress in superfine dispersion of disperse dyes and its effect on particle-size

QIU Jingsi1, LIU Yue1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Garment, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
  • Received:2020-07-27 Revised:2021-05-08 Published:2021-08-15 Online:2021-08-24
  • Contact: LIU Yue

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摘要：

为改善分散染料的染色性能,针对分散染料商品化加工过程中存在的染料粒径尺寸较大、粒径分布不均匀等显著影响染色质量的问题,在对分散染料细化分散用高压均质、超声粉碎等物理超细粉碎工艺技术分析的基础上,分析了对染料粒径及其尺寸分布调控有重要影响的多个因素,包括染料预粉碎、染料结构、染料晶型、分散剂、研磨介质、研磨浆浓度等。指出:加快新型研磨技术的推广应用、优选设备配置以及优化研磨工艺技术,均有益于高质量的均匀、超细化分散染料的制备;同时,对不同类型分散染料的差异化加工也是值得企业关注的重要研究方向。

关键词: 分散染料, 细化分散, 粒径, 分散剂, 研磨介质, 晶型转变

Abstract:

Large particle size and uneven particle-size distribution of dyes during the commercial processing of disperse dyes significantly affect the dyeing quality. To improve the dyeing performance of disperse dyes, based on the analysis of physical ultrafine pulverization technologies such as high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonic pulverization in the superfine and dispersion of disperse dyes, this article reviews and analyzes factors having important influences on the regulation of the particle-size and its distribution in the dye in detail. It includes pre-grinding, structure and crystal form of dyes, dispersant, grinding medium, slurry concentration, and other factors. It is pointed out that speeding up the popularization and application of new grinding technology, equipment configuration and the selection and optimization of grinding process technology are all conducive to the high-quality, uniform, and ultrafine preparation of disperse dyes. The differential processing of different types of disperse dyes is also an important research direction worthy of enterprises' attention.

Key words: disperse dye, superfine dispersion, particle-size, dispersant, grinding media, crystalline transformation

中图分类号: 

  • TS190.2

表1

粉体与液体状分散染料的制备工序"

流程 技术要点
粉体染料 液体染料
原染料 含固率、纯度、杂质 含固率、纯度、杂质
打浆 预粉碎 预粉碎
砂磨 粒径及PDI、分散性、扩散性 粒径及PDI、盐浓度
过滤 — —
拼混、标准化 强度、悬浮液分散性 强度、Zeta电位、流变性、黏度
喷雾干燥 热稳定性 —
成品包装 粉尘飞扬性 贮存稳定性

图1

超细粉碎工艺流程"

表2

分散染料细化分散的影响因素及其要点"

因素 要点
预粉碎(预分散) 提高研磨效率,粒径分布更均匀
染料种类(结构) 分子结构的刚性和共平面性大的染料有更好的研磨效果;相同条件下研磨细度:蒽醌类<偶氮类
染料晶型 同种染料晶型稳定、晶粒小时,细化粉碎难度小
分散剂 复合分散剂的研磨分散效果优于单一分散剂。分散剂用量要适当,过多时染料包围层加厚,过少时保护层不完全
研磨介质 介质的硬度和密度适当,过密易造成介质沉底多而减少有效研磨。选择不同直径的介质按比例混合研磨的效果要优于仅使用单一直径介质的,且在染料与介质的用量相近时,质量比越小所得染料粒径越小
研磨浆的浓度、黏度和pH值 浓度过低,染料工作量少,降低工作效率;浓度过高则染料易聚集,且体系黏度增加,流动性差,摩擦碰撞弱。调节pH值可避免染料结构被破坏
研磨温度
和时间		 染料表面能增加和物料碰撞均产热,体系降温可减少染料团聚、体系浓度和黏度等的变化。研磨时染料的团聚和粉碎会达到动态平衡,选择当染料粒径达到产品要求时的研磨时间即可
其他设备设置 如研磨机转速,提高则利于物料的碰撞;若过高染料易过细或团聚。高压均质机的压力,普通分散染料生产时控制在60~80 MPa,喷墨用液体分散染料生产时则为100~120 MPa

表3

分散染料细化分散相关文献数据总结"

分散染料 结构 晶型
(尺寸)		 分散剂 染料含
量/%		 染料与分散
剂质量比		 介质
(尺寸)		 介质质
量比		 时间/h 平均粒
径/nm		 PDI 文献
自制染料 靛吩咛 — MF — 1∶2 氧化锆
(0.2 nm)		 — 12 184 — [25]
分散蓝291 偶氮 333
分散蓝56 蒽醌 184
分散红54 偶氮 原 (28.5 nm) PX 4701丙烯
酸嵌段共聚物
活性分散剂		 — 5∶2 氧化锆
(0.6 nm)		 — 8 369.7 0.344 [26]
α(17.5 nm) 5 360.5 0.370
β(10.4 nm) 2 369.2 0.355
自制染料 偶氮 — MF — 1.3∶0.8 石英砂 — 8 278.8 0.259 [27]
85A 331.1 0.296
MF-85A 243.1 0.212
分散红60 蒽醌 — CBOS-4 — 1∶1 氧化锆
(2、1、0.5 nm)		 1∶3∶1 48 159 — [28]
2∶5∶3 166
3∶4∶3 197
分散橙30 偶氮 — 自制
SPG-1型		 5 1∶2 氧化锆 — 14 289.3 — [29]
10 1∶1 216.4
20 2∶1 411.3
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