纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (09): 180-186.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200804707

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基于高分子水凝胶的阻燃织物研究与应用进展

于志财1,2, 刘金如1, 何华玲1,2,3(), 马胜男1, 姜会钰1,2   

  1. 1.武汉纺织大学 化学与化工学院, 湖北 武汉 430200
    2.武汉纺织大学 生物质纤维与生态染整湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430200
    3.东华大学 高性能纤维及制品教育部重点实验室, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-10 修回日期:2021-06-04 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 何华玲
  • 作者简介:于志财(1983—),男,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为功能防护纺织品。
  • 基金资助:
    高性能纤维及制品教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(2232020-G-02);浙江省清洁染整技术研究重点实验室开放基金项目(QJRZ1904)

Research and application progress in fire retardant fabric based on polymeric hydrogel

YU Zhicai1,2, LIU Jinru1, HE Hualing1,2,3(), MA Shengnan1, JIANG Huiyu1,2   

  1. 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    3. Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2020-08-10 Revised:2021-06-04 Published:2021-09-15 Online:2021-09-27
  • Contact: HE Hualing

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摘要：

针对纺织品的易燃问题,基于高分子水凝胶三维网络体系的高吸水性,提出了将高分子水凝胶作为新型阻燃材料应用于纺织品领域的思路。阐述了水凝胶作为新型阻燃材料在灭火过程中吸热冷却、稀释气体和隔绝氧气的阻燃机制;结合相关文献探讨了水凝胶与纺织品相结合制备复合阻燃织物的新型整理技术,证明了基于水凝胶的阻燃复合织物可具备优异的阻燃与隔热性能。最后分析了水凝胶作为阻燃材料在纺织品热防护领域存在的挑战及机遇,认为提高水凝胶与织物的结合牢度、开发自愈合-阻燃水凝胶材料和多功能性阻燃水凝胶织物等是未来的研究方向。

关键词: 高分子水凝胶, 阻燃织物, 灭火机制, 复合整理, 消防服装

Abstract:

In order to improve the fire resistance of textiles, this paper reviews the application of hydrogels as a new type of fire retardant materials, because of the high absorbability of hydrogels with a three-dimensional network. Moreover, the fire-retardant mechanism of hydrogels such as endothermic cooling, gas dilution and oxygen isolation in the process of fire extinguishing was systematically described. According to relevant literature, the novel treatment technology of composite flame-retardant fabric was discussed. It was summarized that flame retardant composite fabrics based on hydrogel have excellent flame-retardant property. This paper critically reviewed and analyzed the challenges and opportunities of hydrogels as flame retardant materials in the field of textile thermal protection. It is found that improving the binding fastness between hydrogels and fabrics, developing self-healing flame retardant hydrogel materials and multifunctional flame retardant hydrogel fabrics call for further research.

Key words: polymeric hydrogel, fire retardant fabric, fire extinguishing mechanism, composite treatment, firefighter protective clothing

中图分类号: 

  • TS102.6

表1

各类阻燃剂的阻燃机制以及阻燃剂的优缺点"

阻燃剂 阻燃机制 优点 缺点
卤系阻燃剂 受热分解产物直接改变火焰中的链增长反应,由此达到阻燃目的 阻燃效率高、成本低、用量少 产生有毒的卤化氢气体,不可降解[13]
磷系阻燃剂 受热分解生成不挥发玻璃层或聚合物脱水炭化形成隔离膜,隔绝氧气 低毒,低卤,用量少,效率高[14] 相容性差,热稳定性差,发烟量大,挥发性高
氮系阻燃剂 受热放出N2、NH3、CO2等气体稀释氧气浓度 毒性低,发烟量少,价格低廉 阻燃效率低,需与其他阻燃剂复合产生协同阻燃效果,比如磷-氮阻燃剂[15,16]
硅系阻燃剂 形成无定形硅保护层屏蔽氧气侵入[17] 阻燃性能优异,耐高温,抗氧化,燃烧速度慢[18] 生产工艺较为复杂,难合成,成本高
硼系阻燃剂 硼酸盐熔化覆盖在可燃物表面,隔绝氧气;燃烧释放结合水,吸热冷却降温;改变热分解途径,抑制可燃性气体生成 阻燃效果良好,抑烟效率高,对聚合物的力学性能影响小 单一的阻燃效果不佳,需与其他阻燃剂协同作用[19]
金属氢氧化物 分解产生水蒸气稀释周围氧气浓度;可燃物表面生成氧化物,阻止燃烧 价格低廉,来源广泛,无毒,稳定性高[20] 添加量需求大,导致基体力学性能差
膨胀型阻燃剂 阻燃剂受热后生成蓬松发泡结构的炭层,阻止可燃物与火源之间的热传导;多孔炭层阻止氧气向可燃物表面扩散 环保高效,价格低廉 相容性差,易使可燃物的力学性能和电学性能降低[21]

图1

水凝胶灭火机制示意图"

图2

直接沉积法示意图"

图3

紫外光引发法"

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