纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (06): 180-186.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210104707

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

耐热聚乳酸材料的研究进展

刘彦麟1, 顾伟文1, 魏建斐1,2,3, 王文庆1, 王锐1,2,3()   

  1. 1.北京服装学院 材料设计与工程学院, 北京 100029
    2.北京服装学院 服装材料研究开发与评价北京市重点实验室, 北京 100029
    3.北京服装学院 北京市纺织纳米纤维工程技术研究中心, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-20 修回日期:2021-05-28 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2022-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 王锐
  • 作者简介:刘彦麟(1994—),女,硕士。主要研究方向为耐热阻燃聚乳酸及其纤维材料的制备及性能。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0309002);北京学者项目(RCQJ20303)

Research progress and status quo of heat-resistant polylactic acid materials

LIU Yanlin1, GU Weiwen1, WEI Jianfei1,2,3, WANG Wenqing1, WANG Rui1,2,3()   

  1. 1. School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    3. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nano Fiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2021-01-20 Revised:2021-05-28 Published:2022-06-15 Online:2022-07-15
  • Contact: WANG Rui

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摘要：

针对工业化生产聚乳酸产品普遍存在力学强度低、韧性差、结晶速度缓慢、结晶度低、耐热性能差等问题,综述了国内外关于提高聚乳酸材料耐热性能的方法及其改性机制,将其总结分为共混改性、链结构改性和结晶改性,其中:共混改性包括聚合物复合改性和填充改性,链结构改性包括共聚改性和交联改性,结晶改性包括添加成核剂改性和加工工艺改性。简要分析了各改性方法的优缺点,重点介绍并讨论了聚乳酸立构复合晶的形成及其影响因素,并对聚乳酸材料的发展方向和前景进行了分析与展望。指出国内外最受青睐的改性方法是通过结晶改性配合加工工艺条件改性进行调控,更高效地改善聚乳酸材料的耐热性能。

关键词: 聚乳酸, 立构晶, 耐热性能, 共混改性, 链结构改性, 结晶改性

Abstract:

Aiming at the low mechanical strength, poor toughness, slow crystallization speed, low crystallinity, and poor heat resistance of polylactic acid products, modification methods and mechanisms for improving the heat resistance of polylactic acid materials were reviewed. The review was concentrated on blending modification involving polymer composite modification and filling modification, chain structure modification encompassing copolymerization modification and crosslinking modification, and crystal modification including additive nucleating agent modification and processing technology modification. The advantages and disadvantages of each modification method were briefly analyzed, and the formation of polylactic acid stereo complex crystals and its influencing factors were introduced and discussed in detail. The development direction and prospect of polylactic acid materials were analyzed and prospected. The rereview revealed that the most popular modification method is to adjust and control the heat resistance of polylactic acid materials through crystal modification and modification of processing conditions.

Key words: polylactic acid, stereo complex, heat-resistant property, blending modification, chain structure modification, crystal modification

中图分类号: 

  • TS151

表1

PLA晶型及参数"

晶型 晶系 晶体类别 a/nm b/nm c/nm α/(°) β/(°) γ/(°) 螺旋构象 熔点/℃
α 正交 HC 1.05 0.61 2.88 90 90 90 103 180
α' 假正交 HC 1.06 0.61 2.88 90 90 90 103 —
β 三方 HC 1.052 1.052 0.88 90 90 90 31 175
γ 正交 HC 0.995 0.625 0.88 90 90 90 31 —
SC 三斜 SC 0.916 0.916 0.87 109.2 109.2 109.8 31 225
SC 三斜 SC 0.912 0.913 0.93 110 110 109 31 225
SC 三方 SC 1.498 1.498 0.87 90 90 120 31和32 225
SC 三方 SC 1.500 1.50 0.823 90 90 120 31和32 225

图1

SC-PLA的晶体结构"

图2

PLLA/PDLA 复合物在升温过程中发生重结晶形成SC立构晶的机制示意图"

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