纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (07): 90-96.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210601008

• 染整与化学品 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物质环保阻燃剂PD的制备及其阻燃性能

张广知, 方进()   

  1. 安徽工程大学 纺织服装学院, 安徽 芜湖 241000
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-01 修回日期:2022-03-31 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 方进
  • 作者简介:张广知(1965—),男,副教授,硕士。主要研究方向为阻燃纺织品研究与开发。

Preparation and flame retardant properties of environmental biomass based flame retardant PD

ZHANG Guangzhi, FANG Jin()   

  1. School of Textiles and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
  • Received:2021-06-01 Revised:2022-03-31 Published:2022-07-15 Online:2022-07-29
  • Contact: FANG Jin

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摘要：

为解决纯棉织物的阻燃及其耐洗性问题,以生物质植酸和双氰胺为原料,制备了无卤生物质环保耐洗阻燃剂PD,并应用于棉织物的阻燃整理。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪和X射线能谱仪等分析表征了PD化学结构和元素组成,并对整理织物的表面形貌、热稳定性、阻燃及耐水洗性等进行了分析。结果表明:阻燃剂PD为多活性磷氮型阻燃剂;纯棉织物阻燃整理时,阻燃剂PD质量分数为35%;PD处理样在800 ℃热解残炭量为13.32%(氮气气氛),垂直燃烧的损毁长度为4.5 cm,极限氧指数达43.6%,且阻燃织物经40次标准洗涤后,极限氧指数仍能达到29.1%;制备的阻燃剂PD是一种阻燃效果和耐水洗性能优良的生物质环保阻燃剂。

关键词: 生物质阻燃剂, 阻燃整理, 棉织物, 功能性纺织品, 阻燃性, 耐洗性

Abstract:

In order to improve flame retardancy and washability of pure cotton fabrics, a halogen-free environment-friendly durable flame retardant PD was synthesized with biomass phytic acid and dicyandiamide, which was applied to the flame retardant finishing of a cotton fabric. The chemical structure and elemental composition of flame retardant PD were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray energy spectrometer, and the surface morphology, thermal stability, flame retardancy and washability of the treated fabric were investigated. The results show that flame retardant PD is a multi-active phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant; the mass fraction of flame retardant PD is 35% in the flame retardant finishing of cotton fabric. The residual carbon amount of PD flame retardant treatment sample is 13.32% at 800 ℃ pyrolysis (nitrogen atmosphere), and the fabric damage length of vertical combustion is 4.5 cm. The LOI value of the flame retardant fabric reaches 43.6%, and it can still reach 29.1% after 40 times of standard washing. It demonstrates that a biomass environment-friendly flame retardant PD offers excellent flame retardancy and washability.

Key words: biomass flame retardant, flame retardant finishing, cotton fabric, functional textiles, flame retardancy, washability

中图分类号: 

  • TS195.2

图1

阻燃剂PD合成反应"

图2

阻燃剂PD与棉纤维的反应"

图3

阻燃剂PD、植酸、双氰胺的傅里叶红外光谱图"

图4

阻燃整理前后纯棉织物的扫描电镜照片"

图5

阻燃整理前后纯棉织物的XPS分析图"

表1

纯棉织物阻燃整理前后表面元素分析"

样品 质量分数/%
O C N P
原样 30.77 61.73 — —
PD处理样 27.19 57.54 7.76 2.11

图6

阻燃整理前后纯棉织物的TG曲线"

图7

阻燃整理前后纯棉织物的红外光谱图"

图8

阻燃整理前后纯棉织物的垂直燃烧实验照片"

表2

阻燃整理前后纯棉织物的燃烧性能"

样品 续燃时间/s 阴燃时间/s 炭长/cm LOI值/%
原样 — — 烧尽 18.3
DCD处理样 — — 烧尽 18.5
PA处理样 0 0 6.7 40.5
PD处理样 0 0 4.5 43.6

表3

PD处理样的耐水洗性能"

样品水洗次数 LOI值/%
原样 PD处理样
0 18.3 43.6
10 — 31.7
20 — 30.3
30 — 29.8
40 — 29.1

图9

纯棉织物原样、PD处理样残渣扫描电镜照片(×5 000)"

表4

纯棉原样、PD处理样残渣能谱分析"

样品 质量分数/%
C N O P
原样残渣 57.11 0 42.89 0
PD处理样残渣 64.54 4.09 22.28 9.09

表5

纯棉织物原样和PD处理样的白度与断裂强力"

样品 白度/% 经向断裂强力/N
原样 83.3 492
PD处理样 72.3 453
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