纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (08): 189-196.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210400108

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

婴儿被服热舒适性研究进展

江舒1, 李俊1,2()   

  1. 1.东华大学 服装与艺术设计学院, 上海 200051
    2.东华大学 现代服装设计与技术教育部重点实验室, 上海 200051
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-01 修回日期:2021-07-07 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2022-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 李俊
  • 作者简介:江舒(1995—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为服装舒适性与功能。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2232022G-08);上海市科学技术委员会“科技创新行动计划”“一带一路”国际合作项目(21130750100)

Research progress on thermal comfort of infant bedding

JIANG Shu1, LI Jun1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
    2. Key Laboratory of;Clothing Design and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
  • Received:2021-04-01 Revised:2021-07-07 Published:2022-08-15 Online:2022-08-24
  • Contact: LI Jun

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摘要：

为促进婴儿热生理舒适,推动婴儿被服热舒适性测评方法及理论体系的建立,回顾了婴儿被服热舒适性的相关研究,在分析婴儿与环境热传递机制的基础上,讨论了婴儿被服热舒适性的影响因素及测评方法,并根据当前研究现状提出了发展方向。研究表明:婴儿主要依靠传导、对流、辐射显热热交换维持人体热平衡,其体表热传递系数明显大于成人;被服的过高隔热、头部覆盖与俯卧姿势可能造成睡眠时婴儿的热应激反应;目前,婴儿暖体假人被认为是研究被服热舒适性最理想的装置,未来的发展应聚焦于婴儿被服热湿传递过程、使用数值模拟方法研究婴儿体表热传递及建立婴儿体温调节模型等方面。

关键词: 婴儿被服, 热舒适, 热应激, 婴儿暖体假人, 热阻

Abstract:

Considering the improvement of the thermal physiological comfort of infants, as well as the establishment of infant bedding thermal comfort evaluation system, this paper reviewed previous researches on the thermal comfort of infant bedding. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism between the infants and the environment, the influencing factors and test methods for the thermal comfort of the infant bedding were discussed. Besides, the research trend in the field was proposed. Previous researches revealed that the thermal equilibrium of the infants was achieved mainly through the conductive, convective, radiative heat exchange between the surface of the infants and the environment. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficients at the infant skin surface were significantly greater than those of the adults. Excessive thermal protection given by the infant bedding, head covering and prone posture of the infants were likely to cause heat stress for the infants during sleep. Baby thermal manikin was considered as the most ideal device for the research on thermal comfort of infant bedding. In the future, the studies are supposed to focus on the heat and mass transfer process of bedding, numerical simulation on the mechanism of the heat transfer between infants and the environment, and the establishment of the thermoregulation model for infants.

Key words: infant bedding, thermal comfort, heat stress, baby thermal manikin, thermal insulation

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.73

图1

婴儿体表至环境的干热传递机制"

图2

折叠方式"

表1

典型的婴儿暖体假人"

来源 制造单位 假人参数 优缺点
文献[6] 隆德大学
(瑞典)		 质量:1 003 g;表面积:0.09 m2;身高:40 cm
材料:聚酯塑料覆盖聚酯泡沫
8区段		 优点:头部与躯干均分为前后2个区段,考虑了传导与对流辐射热传递的差异
缺点:无法测量蒸发热损失
文献[43] 隆德大学
(瑞典)		 质量:5 700 g;表面积:0.311 m2;身高:60 cm
材料:聚酯塑料覆盖聚酯泡沫
8区段		 优点:头部与躯干均分为前后2区段,考虑了传导与对流辐射热传递的差异
缺点:无法测量蒸发热损失
文献[42] 亚眠大学
(法国)		 质量:1 400 g;表面积:0.15 m2
材料:铜制,涂覆亚光黑色
6区段		 优点:可考察各区段干热损失,被较早地用于研究头部覆盖、姿势等因素带来的影响
缺点:区段分割较少;无法测量蒸发热损失
文献[34] 亚眠大学
(法国)		 质量:900 g;表面积:0.086 m2
材料:铜制,涂覆亚光黑色
6区段
可覆盖棉质皮肤衣		 优点:出汗孔多,可测量蒸发热损失
缺点:区段分割较少;棉质皮肤衣影响湿阻测量结果的准确性
文献[45] 文化女子
大学(日本)		 表面积:0.47 m2(含头),0.40 cm2(不含头);身高:84 cm
材料:玻璃纤维外壳、加固塑料
16区段
32个出汗孔,出汗量为2942 184 g/(h·m2)
覆盖棉针织套装与Gore-Tex皮肤衣		 优点:区段划分多,可考察局部散热;Gore-Tex皮肤衣保证水以气态形式散出,提高湿阻测量结果准确性
缺点:没有头部区段,无法测量帽子或全身总热损失;难以模拟低水平出汗

图3

典型的婴儿暖体假人"

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