不同牵伸倍率下聚酯复合纤维的微观结构与性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210602006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PET/PTT)并列型复合纤维制备工艺与其结构及性能之间的关系,借助二维广角X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪等对未牵伸以及2.353.35倍牵伸纤维的结晶取向性能、热性能、力学性能以及卷曲性能进行测试与分析。结果表明:随着牵伸倍率的增加,PET/PTT复合纤维内部单组分结晶度变化有所差异,PET组分结晶度由43.04％增至45.73％,但PTT组分的结晶度几乎不变,其取向度由82.3％增大至89.2％,然后保持稳定,说明牵伸诱导取向达到饱和;同时,取向度的增大也导致PET/PTT 复合纤维的弹性模量由16.8 cN/dtex增加到23.1 cN/dtex,断裂强度由2.9 cN/dtex增加到3.5 cN/dtex, 但断裂伸长率由52.6％下降到38.6％;牵伸倍率的增加导致双组分纤维结构差异明显,使复合纤维的卷曲性能更加优异。

关键词: 复合纤维, 弹性纤维, 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯, 聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯, 力学性能, 卷曲性能

Abstract:

In order to study the relationship between process, structure and properties of PET/PTT parallel composite fibers, the crystalline orientation properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties and crimp properties, unstretched and 2.35–3.35 times stretched elastic fibers were tested and analyzed with the two-dimensional wide angle X-ray diffractometer and differential scanning calorimeter.The crystallinity of the PET/PTT composite fiber increased from 43.04％ to 45.73％, but the crystallinity of the PTT fiber remained stable, its orientation increased from 82.3％ to 89.2％, indicating that the draft induction orientation reached saturation. The increase in orientation also led to the increase of the elastic modulus of PET/PTT fiber from 16.8 cN/dtex to 23.1 cN/dtex and the tensile strength from 2.9 cN/dtex to 3.5 cN/dtex, but the elongation at break decreased from 52.6％ to 38.6％; the increase of the draft multiplicity led to the obvious difference of the bicomponent fiber structure. The increase in draft multiplicity led to a significant difference in the structure of the bicomponent fibers, resulting in more excellent curl properties of the composite fiber.

Key words: composite fiber, elastic fiber, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(trimethylene terephthalate), mechanical property, crimp property

中图分类号:

TS15

高峰, 孙燕琳, 肖顺立, 陈文兴, 吕汪洋. 不同牵伸倍率下聚酯复合纤维的微观结构与性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(08): 34-39.

GAO Feng, SUN Yanlin, XIAO Shunli, CHEN Wenxing, LÜ Wangyang. Microstructure and properties of polyester composite fibers with different drafting ratios[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(08): 34-39.

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试样编号	速度/(m·min^–1)		牵伸倍率/倍
试样编号	热辊1	热辊2	牵伸倍率/倍
Y–0	—	—	—
Y–1	1 450	3 400	2.35
Y–2	1 450	3 770	2.60
Y–3	1 450	4 130	2.85
Y–4	1 450	4 570	3.15
Y–5	1 450	4 860	3.35

试样编号	结晶度
试样编号	PET组分	PTT组分
Y–0	59.57	57.16
Y–1	43.04	40.76
Y–2	44.52	40.63
Y–3	45.23	39.81
Y–4	45.73	40.20
Y–5	44.37	40.39

试样编号	取向因子		声速/ (km·s^–1)
试样编号	晶区	非晶区	声速/ (km·s^–1)
Y–0	—	0.759	—
Y–1	0.823	0.862	1.96
Y–2	0.864	0.879	2.27
Y–3	0.880	0.831	2.41
Y–4	0.892	0.836	2.16
Y–5	0.889	0.839	1.21

试样编号	弹性模量/ (cN·dtex^–1)	断裂强度/ (cN·dtex^–1)	断裂伸长率/％
Y–1	16.8	2.9	52.6
Y–2	18.4	3.1	51.5
Y–3	20.2	3.2	49.8
Y–4	20.9	3.4	43.8
Y–5	23.1	3.5	38.6