纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (01): 209-218.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220102010

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

纳米纤维基催化材料的制备及其在环境领域中的应用研究进展

陈明星1,2, 张威1,2, 王新亚1,2(), 肖长发3   

  1. 1.河北科技大学 纺织服装学院, 河北 石家庄 050018
    2.河北省纺织服装技术创新中心, 河北 石家庄 050018
    3.上海工程技术大学 纤维材料研究中心, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-12 修回日期:2022-09-28 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-02-16
  • 通讯作者: 王新亚(1989—),男,讲师,博士。主要研究方向为纳米纤维材料的制备及应用。E-mail:wangxy0914@163.com。
  • 作者简介:陈明星(1986—),男,讲师,博士。主要研究方向为新型功能性纤维材料的制备及应用。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点研发计划项目(20271202D);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2022208027);河北省高等学校科学研究项目(QN2022128)

Research progress of preparation of nanofiber-supported catalysts and application thereof in environmental protection

CHEN Mingxing1,2, ZHANG Wei1,2, WANG Xinya1,2(), XIAO Changfa3   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Garments, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
    2. Hebei Province Technology Innovation Center of Textile and Garment, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
    3. Fiber Materials Research Center, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2022-01-12 Revised:2022-09-28 Published:2023-01-15 Online:2023-02-16

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摘要：

纳米粒子催化剂具有优异的催化活性,但在使用时其易团聚且回收较为困难。鉴于此,以纳米纤维为载体,将纳米粒子催化剂负载于纳米纤维上制得纳米纤维基催化材料,从而有效解决了纳米粒子催化剂的回收难题。为更好了解纳米纤维基催化材料的制备及应用研究进展,综述了近年来纳米纤维基催化材料的制备方法和工艺流程,介绍了纳米纤维基催化材料在催化染料降解、有机物降解、重金属离子还原等领域的应用研究进展。最后指出:纳米纤维基催化材料具有催化活性高、催化剂易回收等优点,但仍存在力学性能差和制备效率低的缺点,尚无法满足大规模实际应用; 为满足实际应用,提高纳米纤维基催化材料力学性能,寻求批量化制备工艺,是未来研究的重点。

关键词: 纳米纤维, 纳米粒子, 催化材料, 污染物降解, 光催化

Abstract:

Significance Nano-sized catalysts show higher catalytic activity than bulk analogues by virue of their larger specific surface area. Therefore, nano-sized catalysts have been widely used in the field of catalysis research. However, nano-sized catalysts tend to agglomerate during the application, which leads to the formation of large particles and a huge reduction in catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the recycling of nano-sized catalysts is difficult. These challenges all restrict the application of nano-sized catalysts. In order to solve these problems, some efforts have been made, such as surface modification, and immobilization of the nano-sized catalysts on supports. Among the various supports employed, the nanofibers have attracted much attention by virue of their larger specific surface area and nanoscale diameter. The larger specific surface area of nanofibers leads to an increase in the catalytic activity of nanofiber-supported catalysts as more active sites are available and accessible by reactants in the catalysis process. Moreover, the recovery and reuse of nanofiber-supported catalysts are simple. Hence, the nanofiber-supported catalysts show potential applications in the field of catalysis.
Progress The recent studies about the preparation of nanofiber-supported catalysts and their application in environmental remediation are reviewed. As a general method for preparing nanofibers, electrospinning technology has been known to be able to prepare nanofibers with various compositions and structures. The methods involving electrospinning technology for preparing the nanofiber-supported catalysts could be divided into two ways. One method is coated by an electrospinning process, in which the nano-sized catalysts or catalyst precursors are dispersed into an electrospinning solution followed by the electrospinning process. If the catalyst precursors are added to the electrospinning solution, a post treatment is necessary after the electrospinning process to convert catalyst precursors into nano-sized catalysts. The other method is to deposit the nano-sized catalysts on the surface of nanofiber after electrospinning process. Though the coating method is simple, it is difficult to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of nano-sized catalysts in nanofibers. While the precursor electrospinning deposition method shows more advantages for preparing nanofiber-supported catalysts with quite uniform distribution of the nano-sized catalysts on nanofiber surface. The simplicity of recovery and the higher catalytic activity of nanofiber-supported catalysts makes them economical and environmentally friendly in the application of dye degradation, organic matter degradation, and heavy metal ion reduction, etc.
Conclusion and Prospect According to the reported research, nanofiber-supported catalysts have the advantages of high catalytic activity and recyclability. Thus, nanofiber-supported catalysts have great potential in catalytic applications. However, they still has the disadvantages of poor mechanical properties and low preparation efficiency, which cannot meet the requirement of practical applications. Therefore, some efforts can be made from the following aspects in future research. 1) In view of practical applications, nanofiber-supported catalysts with fine mechanical properties have huge advantages. Some efforts should be made to improve the mechanical properties, such as tailoring the structure by regulating the electrospinning process and using the substrates with excellent mechanical properties as the nanofiber receiver. 2) The large-scale fabrication and commercial application of nanofiber-supported catalysts are still a huge challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the electrospinning process using green solvent and have low cost and high efficiency for fabricating nanofiber-supported catalysts. 3) The catalytic activity of nanofiber-supported catalysts should be improved by optimizing the structure and surface composition of nanofibers as it is highly dependent on the active sites of nanofiber-supported catalysts. Except for the metal-based catalysts, other catalysts should be combined with nanofibers to expand the applications of nanofiber-supported catalysts.

Key words: nanofiber, nanoparticle, catalyst, pollutants degradation, photocatalysis

中图分类号: 

  • TQ34

图1

纳米纤维基催化材料制备策略"

图2

PAN/TiO2/Ag纳米纤维及催化材料制备流程"

表1

纳米纤维基催化材料制备方法原理、优缺点及改进建议"

制备方法 原理 优点 缺点 改进建议
直接纺丝法 添加纳米催化剂 纺丝液中直接添加纳米催化剂 方法简单,适用范围广 催化剂被纳米纤维包裹,易团聚,催化活性低 实现纳米粒子可控制备,增加纳米粒子和反应物接触面积,提高反应活性
添加纳米催化剂前驱体 纺丝液中添加纳米催化剂前驱体制得纳米纤维,采用一定技术手段将催化剂前驱体转化为纳米催化剂 催化剂在纳米纤维中分散好 工艺复杂,催化剂被纳米纤维包裹,催化活性低
表面负载法 负载金属纳米粒子 将溶液中金属离子还原为金属纳米粒子,并负载到纳米纤维表面 结构可控,催化剂在纳米纤维表面分布均匀,催化活性高 工艺较复杂,适用范围有一定局限性 简化制备流程,降低成本,提高纳米粒子和纳米纤维界面的结合性能
负载金属氧化物纳米粒子 通过水热合成、高温煅烧、物理吸附等方式,将金属氧化物纳米粒子负载到纳米纤维表面
负载其它纳米粒子 通过原位生长、物理吸附等将纳米粒子负载到纳米纤维表面
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