纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (02): 118-127.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20211204510

• 纺织工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

高光洁处理对聚酰亚胺短纤纱及其织物性能的影响

缪莹1,2, 熊诗嫚1, 郑敏博3, 唐建东3, 张慧霞3, 丁彩玲4, 夏治刚1,2,5()   

  1. 1.武汉纺织大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430200
    2.武汉纺织大学 省部共建纺织新材料与先进加工技术国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430200
    3.际华三五四二纺织有限公司, 湖北 襄阳 441002
    4.山东如意科技集团有限公司, 山东 济宁 272073
    5.省部共建生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室, 山东 青岛 226071
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-20 修回日期:2022-11-21 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 夏治刚(1983—),男,教授,博士。主要研究方向为纤维集合体加工新技术及装备。E-mail:zhigang_xia1983@hotmail.com。
  • 作者简介:缪莹(1997—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为纺织新材料。
  • 基金资助:
    省部共建生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室(青岛大学)开放课题项目(KF2020215);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BAD003)

Effect of high smooth treatment on polyimide staple yarns and its fabric properties

MIAO Ying1,2, XIONG Shiman1, ZHENG Minbo3, TANG Jiandong3, ZHANG Huixia3, DING Cailing4, XIA Zhigang1,2,5()   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    3. Jihua 3542 Textile Co., Ltd., Xiangyang, Hubei 441002, China
    4. Shandong Ruyi Technology Group Co., Ltd., Jining, Shandong 272073, China
    5. State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 226071, China
  • Received:2021-12-20 Revised:2022-11-21 Published:2023-02-15 Online:2023-03-07

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摘要：

针对聚酰亚胺(PI)短纤维纺纱静电大、成纱毛羽多、后加工摩擦剧烈导致纱线品质大幅恶化的问题,创新提出了在后加工终端对多毛羽PI单纱进行高光洁处理的方法。通过研制纱线高光洁处理装置和理论模拟,分析了该装置引纱区与涡流包缠关键区的作用机制,应用装置的湿热涡流处理多毛羽PI单纱,并将处理前后的PI单纱实施倍捻和织造,获得PI股线及其织物。结果表明:与处理前相比,高光洁处理后的PI单纱有害毛羽去除率为97.69%、耐磨性提高48.84%,PI股线有害毛羽去除率为64.67%、耐磨性提高40.89%;处理后纱线所织造织物的柔软性、透气性、抗起毛起球性、抗静电性均得到改善。

关键词: 聚酰亚胺, 高光洁处理, 毛羽, 数值模拟, 纱线性能, 织物性能

Abstract:

Objective Polyimide (PI) has excellent stability and mechanical properties and is widely used in various industries. PI staple yarn shows good mechanical properties, flame retardancy, high-temperature resistance and other properties. However, PI staple yarn is difficult to spin creating high level of yarn hairiness, and the yarn also has serious problem of static electricity. PI yarn hair is long, causing hair entanglement, resulting in unclear shed openings and yarn breakage during weaving, and the PI fabric is easy to pilling negatively affect the fabric appearance. Because of the above problems, this paper proposes an innovative idea of high smooth treatment of hairy PI single yarn at the end of yarn post-processing to efficiently achieve the transformation of low-quality PI yarn to high-quality PI yarn.
Method Based on this idea, a high smooth and clean yarn processing device was developed, and the mechanism of the key area of yarn leading and eddy current wrapping was simulated and analyzed theoretically. The device applied the wet heat eddy current to treat the multi-hair PI single yarn, and the PI single yarn and its fabric were obtained by double-twisting and weaving before and after the processing.
Results A three-dimensional numerical simulation model for the ingot fluid region of the high smooth treatment device was established (Fig. 3). The simulation results of the yarn drawing stage (Fig. 4) showed that strong suction was generated in the device before the yarn entered the wrapping device to ensure the smooth entry of the yarn into the device. The simulation results of the normal high smooth and clean spinning stage (Fig. 5) showed that the turbulence phenomenon under normal treatment was more obvious than that in the yarn drawing stage. Due to the presence of backflow and high-speed airflow, the hairiness of the wooly yarn was greatly reduced and the strength was improved after the device treatment. Based on theoretical analysis, the yarn and fabric experiment results was analyzed before and after the treatment. The yarn test results showed that the high smooth treatment significantly improved the yarn's apparent quality and made the yarn surface more smoothly (Fig. 6), and the harmful hairiness number of PI single yarn after the high smooth treatment was reduced by 97.69% (Fig. 7). After the treatment, the dry unevenness of the strands was improved (Tab. 3), the yarn strength was increased by 5.50% (Tab. 4), and the wear resistance of the yarn was increased by 48.84% (Fig. 8). The test results of the fabric showed that the fabric woven by the treated yarn was softer, smoother, more elastic (Fig. 9), and more smooth (Fig. 10). The warp and weft tensile mechanical properties of the treated fabric were greater than that of the original fabric (Tab. 5), and the air permeability of the fabric was increased by 66.09% after the treatment (Fig. 11). The pilling performance was effectively improved (Fig. 12). After the treatment, the fabric static electricity voltage dropped by 40.0%, and the friction electrostatic performance was improved (Tab. 6).
Conclusion PI yarn is processed by a high smooth treatment device, and the properties of yarn and fabric are compared through the simulation analysis embedded in the device. During the yarn initial stage, the flow line develops orderly along the helical route of the device, which is conducive to the generation of suction and smooth yarn route. In comparison, during the conventional high smooth treatment stage, the high-speed airflow of the air jet hole drives the high-speed rotating airflow, which wraps and holds the yarn surface hairiness. After the high smooth treatment, the degree of yarn hairiness is significantly reduced, the tensile property is improved, the unevenness of a single yarn is increased, and the wear resistance of yarn is improved. The treated fabric is smoother in appearance, with improvement in softness, smoothness, elasticity, breathability, and antistatic performance.

Key words: polyimide, high smooth treatment, hairiness, numerical simulation, yarn property, fabric property

中图分类号: 

  • TS102

图1

涡流纺纱工艺流程"

图2

纱线高光洁处理立体示意图"

图3

模型内气流体区域的三维数值模拟计算模型"

图4

纺纱初始状态时的气流场模拟结果"

图5

高光洁处理时的气流场模拟结果"

图6

纱线表观结构测试结果"

表1

纱线不同长度毛羽数测试结果"

纱线
种类		 不同长度的毛羽数/(根·(10 m)-1)
1 mm 2 mm 3 mm 4 mm 5 mm 6 mm 8 mm 10 mm
PI-YS 4 515.80±172.59 1 608.80±83.28 679.70±43.30 307.80±27.70 147.90±18.64 61.40±10.63 9.40±4.25 1.10±2.18
PI-CS 823.00±96.57 135.80±18.40 37.70±9.07 8.90±4.53 2.40±2.46 0.90±1.29 — —
PI-YD 5 378.40±198.53 1 431.00±97.70 466.00±32.62 148.20±24.05 51.60±3.05 14.00±5.14 1.20±1.62 0.10±0.32
PI-CD 2 316.90±157.68 433.60±44.19 116.80±19.46 38.60±25.33 13.80±20.64 9.60±22.34 7.00±21.79 7.00±21.79

图7

纱线毛羽去除率"

表2

高光洁处理前后纱线毛羽计算结果"

纱线种类 毛羽总数/(根·(10 m)-1) 短毛羽数/(根·(10 m)-1) 有害毛羽数/(根·(10 m)-1) 短毛羽去除率/% 有害毛羽去除率/%
PI-YS 7 331.90±362.57 6 804.30±299.17 527.60±63.40 85.35 97.69
PI-CS 1 008.70±132.32 996.50±124.04 12.20±8.28
PI-YD 7 490.50±373.04 7 275.40±328.86 215.10±44.18 60.60 64.67
PI-CD 2 943.30±333.22 2 867.30±221.33 76.00±111.89

表3

纱线条干均匀度检测结果"

纱线
种类		 不匀
率/%		 CV值/
%		 细节/
(个·km-1)		 粗节/
(个·km-1)		 棉结/
(粒·km-1)
-30% -50% +35% +50% +200%
PI-YS 13.28 17.01 3 485 150 765 100 395
PI-CS 13.25 16.90 3 895 150 720 130 755
PI-YD 9.14 11.52 490 — 60 — 30
PI-CD 9.70 12.25 820 — 160 — 70

表4

纱线力学性能测试结果"

纱线
种类		 线密度
/tex		 断裂强力 断裂伸长率 断裂功 断裂强度
平均值/
cN		 CV值/
%		 平均值/
%		 CV值/
%		 平均值/
(cN·cm)		 CV值/
%		 平均值/
(cN·tex-1)		 CV值/
%
PI-YS 9.78 312.51 12.50 9.06 10.32 779.93 21.72 31.95 12.49
PI-CS 9.78 329.80 9.42 9.19 8.07 830.38 15.82 33.72 9.42
PI-YD 19.60 654.23 7.65 9.63 8.37 1 670.79 15.86 33.38 7.65
PI-CD 19.60 696.47 6.32 10.19 6.47 1 901.39 11.99 35.53 6.32

图8

纱线的耐磨性能"

图9

织物风格测试结果"

图10

织物表观结构测试结果"

表5

织物拉伸力学性能测试结果"

织物种类 弹性模
量/MPa		 拉伸应
变/%		 拉伸应
力/MPa		 断裂强
力/N
PI-YZ 经向 202.75 28.85 13.62 142.20
纬向 185.58 27.28 2.83 90.79
PI-CZ 经向 201.46 21.71 16.43 146.19
纬向 203.90 25.68 4.50 104.74

图11

织物透气性测试结果"

图12

织物起毛起球测试结果及局部放大图"

表6

织物摩擦静电测试结果"

织物
种类		 峰值电
压/V		 衰减电
压/V		 衰减时
间/s		 电压下降百
分比/%
PI-YZ 467 348 60 25.5
PI-CZ 461 272 60 40.0
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