纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (05): 147-154.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20211201201

• 纺织工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖羊毛非织造阻燃吸声材料的制备及其性能

谭启飞1, 陈梦莹1, 马晟晟1,2, 孙明祥1,2, 代春鹏3, 罗仑亭4, 陈益人1,2()   

  1. 1.武汉纺织大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430200
    2.武汉纺织大学 省部共建纺织新材料与先进加工技术国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430200
    3.湖北致清和农牧有限公司, 湖北 宜昌 443100
    4.宜昌市夷陵区农产品质量安全服务中心, 湖北 宜昌 443101
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-07 修回日期:2022-04-30 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 陈益人(1964—),女,教授,博士。主要研究方向为纺织材料与纺织品设计。E-mail:yiren.chen@wtu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:谭启飞(1997—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为纺织纤维性能及纺织产品设计。
  • 基金资助:
    武汉纺织大学研究生创新基金项目(20191815073010);湖北省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810495042)

Preparation and properties of nonwoven flame retardant sound-absorbing material from Hu sheep wool

TAN Qifei1, CHEN Mengying1, MA Shengsheng1,2, SUN Mingxiang1,2, DAI Chunpeng3, LUO Lunting4, CHEN Yiren1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technology Jointly Built by Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    3. Hubei Zhiqinghe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
    4. Yichang Yiling District Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Service Center, Yichang, Hubei 443101, China
  • Received:2021-12-07 Revised:2022-04-30 Published:2023-05-15 Online:2023-06-09

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摘要：

针对国内湖羊养殖规模不断壮大,但湖羊毛未能高效利用的问题,结合湖羊毛本身的性能及结构特点,采用针刺加工的方式开发一种汽车内饰吸声材料,以提高湖羊毛附加价值,保护天然资源不被浪费。通过针刺成形、缩绒整理、阻燃整理等加工过程制得吸声性能优良并具备阻燃功能的吸声材料。探究了材料的结构参数、缩绒工艺对湖羊毛非织造材料吸声性能的影响。结果表明:当湖羊毛非织造材料厚度大于3.5 mm,面密度大于350 g/m2时,在高频段(500~6 000 Hz)范围,其吸声系数大于50%,属于高效吸声材料。经阻燃整理后,湖羊毛针刺吸声材料的水平方向燃烧性能超过对汽车内饰材料阻燃标准要求(燃烧速度不大于100 mm/min),垂直方向燃烧性能达到阻燃标准要求。

关键词: 湖羊毛, 针刺加工, 缩绒整理, 阻燃整理, 结构参数, 吸声性能, 非织造吸声材料

Abstract:

Objective The scale of Hu sheep breeding continues to grow, but due to the low quality of fiber, Hu sheep wool is not suitable for preparing medium and high-grade wool yarns, resulting in the low price and low industrial demand. Based on the performance and structural characteristics of Hu sheep wool, this paper explores the development of sound-absorbing material by needle punching Hu sheep wool, which represents an effort to best use natural resources.

Method Hu sheep wool sound-absorbing materials were prepared by needling, milled finishing and flame retardant finishing. The processing process involves scouring → weighing → opening → carding → lapping→ fleece formation → pre-needling → needling → rolling → milled-finishing → drying → flame retardant finishing → drying → finished product. The effects of structural parameters, milled process and flame retardant process on sound absorption performance were explored.

Results Hu sheep wool has a distinct medullary cavity, which is a loose porous structure (Fig.2). The Hu sheep wool scales are covered with craze, and the scales are wide and cocked up obviously (Fig.3). The fibers of Hu sheep wool were entangled with each other to form a three-dimensional fiber network (Figs.4-6). The fibers winding of Hu sheep wool needled fabric after milled finishing was more compact than that before milled finishing. After flame retardant finishing, the flame retardant was attached to the fiber surface of the Hu sheep wool needle fabric. When the sound wave range was in the middle and high frequency range, the sound absorption effect of the Hu sheep wool sound absorption material was good (Fig.7). The structural parameters (thickness, surface density and average pore size) of needled sound absorbing materials had influence on sound absorption performance (Tab.3). The horizontal burning performance of the Hu sheep wool needled fabric before flame retardant finishing reached the flame retardant standard requirements, but the vertical burning speed was 276 mm/min, failing meeting the standard requirements(Fig.8). After flame retardant finishing, the horizontal burning performance exceeded the standard requirements, and the vertical burning speed became 0 mm/min, meeting the standard requirements.

Conclusion Hu sheep wool has an obvious medullary layer, and the porous structure of its medullary cavity makes Hu sheep wool have good sound absorption performance. The Hu sheep wool scales are covered with craze, and the scales were very wide and cocked up obviously. This scale structure makes the Hu sheep wool have good milling power. For Hu sheep wool needled fabric, thickness and surface density are the main factors affecting its sound absorption performance. On the premise of not affecting the lightweight of the vehicle and meeting the requirements of sound absorption performance, the Hu sheep wool needled fabric with a thickness of 3.5-5 mm and a surface density of 350-450 g/m2 can be selected as the sound absorption material for the interior of the vehicle to meet the requirements of noise reduction.

Key words: Hu sheep wool, needling, milled finishing, flame retardant finishing, structural parameter, sound absorption performance, nonwoven sound-absorbing material

中图分类号: 

  • TS174.6

表1

洗毛方案"

洗槽 温度/℃ 时间/min 槽内试剂
一槽 50 3 清水
二槽 60 3 0.1%中性洗涤剂
0.5%元明粉
三槽 60 3 0.08%中性洗涤剂
0.4%元明粉
四槽 50 3 清水
五槽 50 3 清水

图1

湖羊毛非织造材料铺网和成品"

图2

湖羊毛横截面SEM照片(×1 500)"

图3

不同放大倍数下湖羊毛鳞片结构SEM照片"

图4

不同整理工艺时湖羊毛非织造材料的SEM照片"

表2

湖羊毛非织造材料的结构参数"

样品 厚度/mm 平均孔径/μm 面密度/(g·m-2)
样品1 0.72 284.80 83.64
样品2 3.22 220.30 293.12
样品3 4.55 179.70 399.37
样品4 4.58 176.80 407.76

图5

不同结构参数湖羊毛非织造材料的吸声系数"

表3

湖羊毛非织造材料的结构参数与吸声系数"

序号 厚度/
mm		 平均孔径/
μm		 面密度/
(g·m-2)		 吸声系数/
%		 序号 厚度/
mm		 平均孔径/
μm		 面密度/
(g·m-2)		 吸声系数/
%
1 0.72 284.8 83.64 26.0 16 3.86 160.2 351.52 51.4
2 3.22 220.3 293.12 44.4 17 3.54 198.6 279.39 49.6
3 4.55 179.7 407.76 60.0 18 1.98 270.8 155.98 32.2
4 4.58 176.8 399.37 61.9 19 1.62 203.4 158.38 37.2
5 1.61 222.5 133.29 32.3 20 3.08 244.4 253.06 51.1
6 0.75 257.7 77.51 25.7 21 2.39 277.0 192.64 39.7
7 2.63 203.9 214.38 40.6 22 4.01 180.4 384.28 56.8
8 2.36 221.5 199.95 40.7 23 4.85 172.6 447.03 63.4
9 2.81 215.2 221.53 42.8 24 4.72 189.7 435.25 62.9
10 2.89 221.9 228.59 45.0 25 4.34 185.7 341.19 50.7
11 2.56 227.2 226.85 37.9 26 6.03 204.3 689.85 83.5
12 3.41 207.8 304.47 47.9 27 1.16 264.2 96.74 26.6
13 3.97 214.1 399.37 52.1 28 2.10 241.1 136.84 34.4
14 5.93 155.1 687.30 80.6 29 5.07 175.3 471.14 77.7
15 2.95 237.7 242.72 43.1 30 3.97 237.0 268.94 53.2

表4

湖羊毛非织造材料缩绒整理前后的结构参数"

样品 类别 厚度/mm 面密度/(g·m-2) 平均孔径/μm
样品1# 未缩绒 4.74 264.49 194.20
缩绒后 5.20 300.46 186.30
样品2# 未缩绒 6.36 429.89 178.40
缩绒后 7.71 643.46 176.00
样品3# 未缩绒 5.94 288.80 211.80
缩绒后 5.04 312.84 206.40

图6

缩绒前后湖羊毛非织造材料的吸声系数"

图7

水平法测试湖羊毛非织造材料燃烧性能图"

图8

垂直法测试湖羊毛非织造材料燃烧性能图"

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