纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 9-18.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220508201

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

长碳链聚酰胺1012纤维在不同温度下的力学性能

陈美玉1,2, 李立凤1, 董侠3,4,5()   

  1. 1.西安工程大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 陕西 西安 710048
    2.西安工程大学 功能性纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710048
    3.中国科学院化学研究所 北京分子科学国家实验室, 北京 100190
    4.中国科学院工程塑料重点实验室, 北京 100190
    5.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-03 修回日期:2022-10-29 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 董侠(1973—),女,研究员,博士。主要研究方向为高分子化学与物理及高分子材料的高性能化制备与加工。E-mail:xiadong@iccas.ac.cn。
  • 作者简介:陈美玉(1966—),女,正高级工程师,硕士。主要研究方向为功能性材料的研究与开发。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大研发计划重点专项(2017YFB0307604);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS)区域中心项目(KFJ-STS-QYZX-013)

Mechanical properties of long carbon chain polyamide 1012 fiber at different temperature fields

CHEN Meiyu1,2, LI Lifeng1, DONG Xia3,4,5()   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
    3. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    4. Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2022-05-03 Revised:2022-10-29 Published:2023-11-15 Online:2023-12-25

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摘要：

为探究长碳链聚酰胺1012(PA1012)纤维在极端环境应用的可能性,借助动态热机械分析仪、X射线衍射仪和万能材料试验机系统研究了不同牵伸比的PA1012全牵伸丝(FDY)和拉伸变形丝(DTY)在不同温度下的力学性能及其变化规律。结果表明:常温下,PA1012 FDY的初始模量、屈服比强度、屈服伸长率、断裂强度随牵伸比增加呈线性增强,断裂伸长率与牵伸比之间呈负指数关系;当牵伸比为1.3时,与PA1012 FDY相比,PA1012 DTY的初始模量下降57.47%,断裂强度下降2.24%,但断裂伸长率增加1.40%;在-70~120 ℃温度范围内,相同牵伸比的PA1012 FDY和DTY的力学性能随温度变化趋势与常温状态下相似;特别是在-70 ℃,当牵伸比为2.7时,PA1012 FDY的拉伸断裂强度高达6.04 cN/dtex,其断裂伸长率为9.13%,可见PA1012 FDY在极地寒冷地域具有潜在应用前景。

关键词: 长碳链聚酰胺1012纤维, 全牵伸丝, 拉伸变形丝, 牵伸比, 拉伸力学性能, 极端环境

Abstract:

Objective Preliminary industrial spinning trial suggested that long carbon chain polyamide 1012 (PA1012) has good spinning performance. In order to further explore the application possibility of PA1012 fiber in the environment of extremely low and high temperatures, tensile mechanical property evolution of PA1012 fully-drawn yarn (FDY) and drawn and textured yarn (DTY) with different drawing ratios at different temperature fields were investigated.

Method PA1012 resin chips were used as raw materials to prepare PA1012 FDY and DTY samples using a melting spinning machine. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was adopted to test the basic thermal properties, and the dynamic thermomechanical properties of PA1012 fiber were analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The tensile mechanical property evolution of PA1012 FDY and DTY with different drawing ratios of 1.3-2.7 at different temperature fields were investigated by universal testing machine and X-ray diffraction instrument.

Results The glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PA1012 fiber were 65.6 and 188 ℃, respectively. The DMA test results revealed three loss peaks with different intensities appearing at 70.9, -3.6 and -56.0 ℃, corresponding to the α, β and γ relaxation of the PA1012 fiber (Fig. 2). At room temperature, the tensile mechanical properties of PA1012 FDY with different drawing ratios were found similar. With the increase of tensile elongation, the tensile strength of PA1012 FDY showed a linear increase. When drawing to the yield point, a tensile platform area appeared, and showed that the higher the drawing ratio the shorter the platform area. As the tensile elongation increasing, the tensile strength continued to increase until fracture appeared (Fig. 3). Furthermore, the initial modulus, yield strength, yielding elongation and breaking strength of PA1012 FDY demonstrated a positive linear correlation with the drawing ratio, and the breaking elongation correlated with the drawing ratio in a negative exponential relationship (Fig. 4). By contrast, the initial modulus of DTY1.3(the drawing ratio of 1.3) at room temperature decreased by 57.47%, and the average breaking strength decreased by 2.24%, but the breaking elongation increased by 1.40% (Fig. 5). These were resulted from the texturing action decreased the crystallinity and axis orientation index of PA1012 fiber (Fig. 6 and Tab. 3). With the increase of the extreme ambient temperature, the initial modulus, yield strength, and breaking strength PA1012 FDY with different drawing ratios gradually decreased, and the yielding elongation was substantially unchanged. However, the breaking elongation increased significantly (Fig. 7). Furthermore, the experiments found that the breaking strength of PA1012 FDY2.7 (the drawing ratio of 2.7) at -70 ℃ was high and reached 6.04 cN/dtex, with the breaking elongation of 9.13%. PA1012 FDY with different drawing ratios became brittle at -70 ℃, with no yield when stretched. When increasing the extreme temperature, the initial modulus and the breaking strength of PA1012 DTY1.3 demonstrated gradually decreases, but the breaking elongation appeared to increase significantly.

Conclusion PA1012 FDY has potential application prospects in polar cold regions as -70 ℃. PA1012 FDY with different drawing ratios are suitable for different high-temperature limits. PA1012 FDY1.3 and PA1012 FDY1.7 (the drawing ratio of 1.7) can be used in the extreme environment temperature range from -70 ℃ to 120 ℃. However, with the further increase of the drawing ratio, the limit high temperature suitable for using PA1012 FDY shows a downward trend, and the environment temperature for using PA1012 FDY2.1 (the drawing ratio of 2.1) and PA1012 FDY2.7 should not exceed 60 ℃. PA1012 DTY1.3 can be used normally in the environment temperature range from 0 ℃ to 120 ℃, but it is not suitable for using in a low temperature environment below 0 ℃. It can be seen that by adjusting the drawing ratio of PA1012 FDY, the prepared PA1012 fibers can obtain good mechanical properties in different environments of extreme high and low temperature, and adapt to the actual applications in polar cold regions and high hot environments.

Key words: long carbon chain polyamide 1012 fiber, fully-drawn yarn, draw and textured yarn, drawing ratio, tensile mechanical property, extreme environment

中图分类号: 

  • TS102.5

表1

不同加工条件制备的PA1012长丝规格参数"

样品编号 牵伸比 线密度/dtex(12 f)
FDY1.3 1.3 33.5
FDY1.7 1.7 35.0
FDY1.9 1.9 33.8
FDY2.1 2.1 33.6
FDY2.7 2.7 33.5
DTY1.3 1.3 34.4

图1

PA1012 FDY的DSC曲线"

图2

PA1012 FDY的动态热力学性能曲线"

图3

常温下不同牵伸比PA1012 FDY的力学性能"

图4

常温下PA1012 FDY力学性能指标与牵伸比的关系"

图5

常温下PA1012 FDY1.3和DTY1.3长丝的拉伸力学性能"

表2

常温下PA1012 FDY1.3和DTY1.3长丝力学性能参数"

样品
编号		 初始模量E0 屈服强度σy 屈服伸长率εy 断裂强度σb 断裂伸长率εb
数值/
(cN·dtex-1)		 CV值/
%		 数值/
(cN·dtex-1)		 CV值/
%		 数值/
%		 CV值/
%		 数值/
(cN·dtex-1)		 CV值/
%		 数值/
(cN·dtex-1)		 CV值/
%
FDY1.3 31.32 8.95 2.08 7.66 7.89 7.99 2.23 10.23 24.93 12.15
DTY1.3 13.22 7.89 — — — — 2.18 11.20 25.28 11.44

图6

常温下PA1012 FDY1.3和DTY1.3长丝的二维XRD衍射光斑图和一维XRD衍射曲线"

表3

常温下PA1012 FDY1.3与DTY1.3长丝结构参数"

样品
编号		 结晶峰位置/(°) 结晶度/% 轴取向
指数R
2θ1 2θ2
FDY1.3 6.70 20.80 44.89 0.872
DTY1.3 6.70 20.50 41.54 0.798

图7

极端环境下不同牵伸比PA1012 FDY拉伸力学性能指标与温度的关系"

表4

PA1012 DTY1.3长丝在极端环境不同温度下的力学性能参数"

温度/
℃		 初始模量E0 断裂强度
σb		 断裂伸长率εb
均值/
(cN·dtex-1)		 CV值/
%		 均值/
(cN·dtex-1)		 CV值/
%		 均值/
%		 CV值/
%
-70 43.02 6.24 2.89 7.25 16.50 8.20
-50 32.07 6.89 2.72 7.89 18.50 7.66
-20 24.44 7.01 2.56 8.12 21.17 8.01
0 25.67 7.50 2.22 8.50 23.50 8.78
60 9.23 9.23 1.93 9.20 35.83 7.89
100 8.92 10.02 1.76 12.23 40.17 13.25
120 7.70 12.89 1.63 13.77 42.33 12.99
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