锑污染物对绿藻及蓝藻的急性毒性效应

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20230307401

纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (04): 169-179.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230307401

锑污染物对绿藻及蓝藻的急性毒性效应

李方¹^,², 张怡立¹, 王曼¹, 孟祥周²^,³, 沈忱思¹^,²()

1.东华大学环境科学与工程学院, 上海 201620
2.上海污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海 200092
3.同济大学环境科学与工程学院, 上海 200092

收稿日期:2023-03-31 修回日期:2024-01-11 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-05-13
通讯作者: 沈忱思(1985—),女,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为水污染控制化学。E-mail:shencs@dhu.edu.cn。
作者简介:李方(1979—),教授,博士。主要研究方向为水污染控制。
基金资助:
上海市自然科学基金项目(21ZR1401500);东华大学中央高校基金理工基地项目(2232022G-11/2232023G-11)

Acute toxic effects of antimony contaminants on green algae and cyanobacteria

LI Fang¹^,², ZHANG Yili¹, WANG Man¹, MENG Xiangzhou²^,³, SHEN Chensi¹^,²()

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Received:2023-03-31 Revised:2024-01-11 Published:2024-04-15 Online:2024-05-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入了解不同价态锑的水生生态毒性及其影响因素,选用2种绿藻(羊角月牙藻、莱茵衣藻)和2种蓝藻(聚球藻、水华鱼腥藻)作为模式生物,通过测定藻细胞抑制率、叶绿素a、抗氧化酶及观察细胞微观结构,对锑(Ⅲ)和锑(Ⅴ)进行毒性影响研究。结果表明:在2 mg/L锑(Ⅲ)或锑(V)暴露72 h后,锑(Ⅲ)对微藻的抑制率最高达76.6%,而锑(Ⅴ)对微藻的最高抑制率仅为41.0%,且绿藻较蓝藻受锑胁迫更为敏感;微藻的叶绿素a合成及可溶性蛋白含量变化表现出与生长抑制类似的响应规律,相较之下蓝藻的叶绿素a合成受到的影响较绿藻小;绿藻的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性变化规律呈现出低浓度促进高浓度抑制的现象,而蓝藻则不具备统一的变化规律;从亚细胞结构来看,莱茵衣藻的细胞壁、细胞核、叶绿体及其它细胞器均受到了损伤,而聚球藻主要是光合系统受损。

关键词: 锑污染, 蓝藻, 绿藻, 毒性效应, 废水处理

Abstract:

Objective Antimony (Sb) is utilized as a catalyst during the polymerization process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and it remains in PET fibers or textiles. When printing and dyeing PET, Sb will leach into wastewater and cause contamination, and it commonly exists in aquatic environments in two oxidation states: +3 and +5. Investigating their toxicological effects on aquatic ecosystems is highly necessary. Microalgae are the primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, and their short growth cycle and ease of isolation make them highly suitable for studying the toxic effects of Sb pollutants on aquatic ecosystems.

Method Representatives of green algae, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and representatives of cyanobacteria, Synechococcus and Dolichospermum sp., were selected for investigation. The growth status of the microalgae was evaluated by measuring algal cell concentration, chlorophyll a, and soluble protein. The potential oxidative stress caused by exposure to Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V) was assessed by measuring the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The potential damage to microalgal was determined through subcellular structure observation by TEM. Additionally, the adsorption or absorption of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V) by microalgae were quantified to determine the extent of adsorption relative to their growth status.

Results The results revealed that under different concentrations of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V) stress for 72 h, Hormesis effect was observed in four algae species, i.e. Raphidocelis subcapitata, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Synechococcus, Dolichospermum sp. Sb(Ⅲ) had a more potent inhibitory effect on microalgae, with up to a 76.6% reduction in growth, compared to Sb(V) which only resulted in a 41.0% decrease. Green algae were found to be more vulnerable to Sb-induced stress compared to cyanobacteria. The toxic impact of Sb on microalgae was primarily attributed to the impairment of their photosynthetic machinery and the occurrence of oxidative damage. Alterations in the synthesis of chlorophyll a and soluble protein content in microalgae indicated similar trends in response to growth inhibition, but the impact on cyanobacteria was less pronounced. Additionally, the activities of SOD and CAT in green algae exhibited a pattern of promotion at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations, while cyanobacteria showed a variable pattern of changes. Subcellular examination of microalgae revealed that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii experienced damage to the cell wall, nucleus, chloroplasts, and other organelles, whereas Synechococcus suffered damage mainly to the photosynthetic system. Further, all four microalgae had greater sorption and uptake of Sb(Ⅲ) than Sb(V), but there was no clear correlation between the uptake or sorption of antimony by microalgae and their tolerance to antimony stress.

Conclusion Antimony contamination has become an increasing concern, and it is essential to comprehend the toxicity and toxic mechanisms of Sb of different valence. This study found that the toxicity of Sb(Ⅲ) to microalgae is significantly higher than that of Sb(V), and that green algae are more sensitive to Sb stress than blue algae. When the exposure concentration of Sb(Ⅲ) is below 0.05 mg/L and the exposure concentration of Sb(V) is below 0.2 mg/L, the toxicity impact on microalgae is relatively small. The mechanisms by which Sb affects microalgae are primarily associated with harm to the photosynthetic system and oxidative stress. Under Sb(Ⅲ) stress, the cell wall, nucleus, chloroplasts, and other organelles of green algae are damaged, while in blue-green algae, the photosynthetic system is primarily affected. The above research results are expected to provide certain basis for a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risks of Sb pollutants.

Key words: Sb pollution, cyanobacteria, green algae, toxic effect, wastewater treatment

中图分类号:

X173

李方, 张怡立, 王曼, 孟祥周, 沈忱思. 锑污染物对绿藻及蓝藻的急性毒性效应[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(04): 169-179.

LI Fang, ZHANG Yili, WANG Man, MENG Xiangzhou, SHEN Chensi. Acute toxic effects of antimony contaminants on green algae and cyanobacteria[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(04): 169-179.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20230307401

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I04/169

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Sb质量浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	Sb(Ⅲ)去除率/%				Sb(V)去除率/%
Sb质量浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	羊角月牙藻	莱茵衣藻	聚球藻	水华鱼腥藻	羊角月牙藻	莱茵衣藻	聚球藻	水华鱼腥藻
0.02	25.2±1.9	73.4±0.9	24.9±1.6	20.1±0.9	57.7±3.0	49.3±0.8	65.1±2.5	58.0±2.0
0.05	44.7±1.3	66.5±0.8	37.2±1.5	34.1±1.4	48.3±2.6	57.4±1.6	58.8±2.3	52.6±1.0
0.1	60.2±1.8	52.8±1.2	39.1±1.4	33.9±1.6	41.1±0.9	51.7±1.0	49.4±2.1	57.7±1.9
0.2	62.5±2.5	30.2±0.8	45.5±2.7	47.9±2.1	33.3±2.4	40.0±0.5	30.6±1.5	59.2±1.2
0.5	68.7±2.3	26.3±1.2	35.5±2.1	52.8±2.2	36.7±4.0	40.3±1.1	25.3±2.7	49.0±1.8
1	73.2±1.8	19.3±1.1	30.6±2.4	48.9±1.8	39.8±2.2	31.3±0.7	23.9±2.8	20.5±1.5
2	76.7±3.7	10.2±0.8	32.4±3.1	52.4±0.8	38.9±3.9	30.8±1.2	21.0±1.6	19.0±1.8

锑污染物对绿藻及蓝藻的急性毒性效应

Acute toxic effects of antimony contaminants on green algae and cyanobacteria

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