纺织学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (03): 32-38.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20180202207

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

鲜茧与干茧生丝的结构与性能比较及其鉴别方法

李冰1(), 盖国平1, 郭蔚1, 董永春2, 陈兴灿1   

  1. 1.广西出入境检验检疫局 检验检疫技术中心, 广西 南宁 530021
    2.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
  • 收稿日期:2018-02-06 修回日期:2018-08-17 出版日期:2019-03-15 发布日期:2019-03-15
  • 作者简介:李冰(1987—),女,工程师,博士。主要研究方向为生丝及纺织品检测学。E-mail: bingli1010@126.com。

Comparison between structure and performance of fresh cocoon raw silk and dry cocoon raw silk and identification method thereof

LI Bing1(), GE Guoping1, GUO Wei1, DONG Yongchun2, CHEN Xingcan1   

  1. 1. Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangxi Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
    2. School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2018-02-06 Revised:2018-08-17 Online:2019-03-15 Published:2019-03-15

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摘要：

为有效鉴别鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝,借助电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪和表面接触角测试等分析手段对鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝的表面形貌和结构、性能进行表征和分析,并基于它们结构与性能的差异建立了较为准确和简单易行的生丝鉴别方法。结果表明:2种生丝的化学组成相似,其大分子二级构象均主要为β折叠构象,且热分解曲线也基本一致;但与干茧生丝相比,鲜茧生丝的表面较为粗糙,茧丝之间空隙较大,结晶度略低且亲水性好。使用测定生丝束在十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液中沉降时间的方法能够有效地鉴别2种生丝,其中鉴别鲜茧生丝的准确率达到100%,而鉴别干茧生丝的准确率接近80%。

关键词: 生丝, 鲜茧, 干茧, 表面结构, 亲水性, 鉴别

Abstract:

In order to identify fresh cocoon raw silk and dry cocoon raw silk, the surface morphology and structure properties of the two kinds of raw silk were characterized and compared by using electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analysis and contact angle test, respectively, and then on the basis of the difference between their surface properties, an relatively simple and accuracy identification method for the two kinds of raw silk was established. The results indicated that the two kind of raw silk have the similar chemical composition, p-sheet conformation and thermal decomposition curves. However, compared with dry cocoon raw silk, fresh cocoon raw silk has a more uneven surface and a bigger gap between single fibers. Additionally, it showed less crystallinity and better hydrophilicity than dry cocoon raw silk. The two kinds of raw silk were efficiently identified using a method based on determination of their settling times in sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate aqueous solution. The accurate rates of this method are as high as 100% for fresh cocoon raw silk and near 80% for dry cocoon raw silk, respectively.

Key words: cocoon raw silk, fresh cocoon, dry cocoon, surface structure, hydrophilicity, identification

中图分类号: 

  • TS143.2

图1

干茧生丝和鲜茧生丝的扫描电镜照片"

图2

鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝的红外光谱图"

图3

鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝的XRD谱图"

图4

鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝的热分析曲线"

图5

鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝的水接触角比较"

表1

2种生丝纤维的水接触角比较"

样品编号 接触角 样品编号 接触角
鲜茧生丝a 38.4 干茧生丝e 50.5
鲜茧生丝b 31.9 干茧生丝f 49.8
鲜茧生丝c 32.5 干茧生丝g 53.0
鲜茧生丝d 37.9 干茧生丝h 48.7

表2

2种生丝束样品在不同浓度SDBS溶液中的沉降时间"

SDBS浓度/
(mmol·L-1)		 纤维根数 沉降时间/s SDBS浓度/
(mmol·L-1)		 纤维根数 沉降时间/s
鲜茧生丝 干茧生丝 鲜茧生丝 干茧生丝
0 4 >600 >600 2.5 4 45 >600
12 >600 >600 12 49 >600
20 >600 >600 20 19 >600
28 >600 >600 28 22 285
36 >600 >600 36 49 53
0.5 4 42 >600 3.5 4 46 >600
12 46 >600 12 35 >600
20 17 >600 20 22 352
28 13 >600 28 38 114
36 36 >600 36 43 51
1.0 4 41 >600 5.0 4 62 >600
12 45 >600 12 32 78
20 18 >600 20 27 67
28 16 >600 28 47 52
36 40 >600 36 27 50

表3

26种商品化生丝样品的沉降时间"

鲜茧
生丝编号		 时间/
s		 判定 准确
性		 干茧
生丝编号		 时间/
s		 判定 准确
性
1 21 鲜茧 是 1 >600 干茧 是
2 46 鲜茧 是 2 >600 干茧 是
3 122 鲜茧 是 3 >600 干茧 是
4 68 鲜茧 是 4 215 鲜茧 否
5 146 鲜茧 是 5 >600 干茧 是
6 69 鲜茧 是 6 >600 干茧 是
7 43 鲜茧 是 7 >600 干茧 是
8 19 鲜茧 是 8 >600 干茧 是
9 46 鲜茧 是 9 187 鲜茧 否
10 72 鲜茧 是 10 >600 干茧 是
11 115 鲜茧 是 11 >600 干茧 是
12 132 鲜茧 是 12 226 鲜茧 否
13 154 鲜茧 是 13 >600 干茧 是
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