纤维素纳米纤维/纳米蒙脱土复合气凝胶制备及其结构与性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20190203806

纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (02): 1-6.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190203806

• 纤维材料 • 下一篇

纤维素纳米纤维/纳米蒙脱土复合气凝胶制备及其结构与性能

党丹旸¹^,², 崔灵燕¹, 王亮¹(), 刘雍¹

1.天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
2.天津工业大学天津市先进纺织复合材料重点实验室, 天津 300387

收稿日期:2019-02-25 修回日期:2019-11-11 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-02-21
通讯作者: 王亮
作者简介:党丹旸(1996—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为纤维素纳米纤维。
基金资助:
天津市教委科研计划项目(2017KJ069)

Preparation and properties of cellulose nanofiber/montmorillonite composite aerogels

DANG Danyang¹^,², CUI Lingyan¹, WANG Liang¹(), LIU Yong¹

1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387,China
2. Key Laboratory of Tianjin Advanced Textile Composites, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China

Received:2019-02-25 Revised:2019-11-11 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-21
Contact: WANG Liang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)气凝胶易燃、强力低等问题,利用纳米蒙脱土(MMT)共混改性纤维素纳米纤维,基于冷冻干燥的方法制备阻燃隔热的CNF/MMT复合气凝胶。研究了MMT质量分数对CNF/MMT复合气凝胶形貌结构、压缩性能、热稳定性、热导率和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:MMT的引入使气凝胶具有更加紧密的片层结构,气凝胶力学性能、热稳定性和阻燃性能得到改善;在MMT质量分数为50%时,CNF/MMT复合气凝胶的表观密度最大且仅为0.016 8 g/cm³,应变为10%的应力最大为12.45 kPa,应变为70%的应力最大为77.93 kPa,导热系数最大为 0.04 W/(m·K); 气凝胶中MMT质量分数不低于42.9%时,复合基气凝胶的极限氧指数得到明显提升。

关键词: 纤维素纳米纤维, 气凝胶, 蒙脱土, 冷冻干燥法, 阻燃性能

Abstract:

To enhance the flammability and mechanical strength of cellulose nanofiber(CNF) aerogels, nanoscale montmorillonite (MMT) were introduced to CNF suspension, followed by a freeze-drying process to obtain CNF/MMT composite aerogels in this work. The effects of MMT content on the morphology characterization, compressive mechanical properties, thermal stability, thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of CNF/MMT composite aerogels were studied. The results show that the presence of MMT resulted in a denser lamellar structure of aerogels, which improved the mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy of aerogels. When the mass fraction of MMT is 50%, it is found that the CNF/MMT composite aerogels reaches the maximum density but only as low as 0.016 8 g/cm³, that the maximum stress becomes 12.45 kPa at 10% strain and 77.93 kPa at 70% strain, and that the maximum thermal conductivity is 0.04 W/(m·K). The limiting oxygen index values of CNF/MMT based aerogels shows significant increase when the mass fraction of MMT in aerogels is no less than 42.9%.

Key words: cellulose nanofiber, aerogel, montmorillonite, freeze-drying method, flame retardancy

中图分类号:

TQ342

党丹旸, 崔灵燕, 王亮, 刘雍. 纤维素纳米纤维/纳米蒙脱土复合气凝胶制备及其结构与性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(02): 1-6.

DANG Danyang, CUI Lingyan, WANG Liang, LIU Yong. Preparation and properties of cellulose nanofiber/montmorillonite composite aerogels[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(02): 1-6.

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样品编号	纤维素纳米纤维质量分数/%	蒙脱土质量分数/%	去离子水体积/mL
1^#	80.0	20.0	150
2^#	66.7	33.3	150
3^#	57.1	42.9	150
4^#	50.0	50.0	150

样品编号	密度/(g·cm^-3)	σ_10%/kPa	σ_70%/kPa	E/kPa	E_s/(kPa·g^-1·cm^-3)
1^#	0.010 8	4.96±0.59	43.16±1.76	79.97±9.86	7 404.63±159.62
2^#	0.012 4	5.60±1.14	44.93±3.03	94.49±9.27	7 620.16±139.20
3^#	0.013 8	11.61±1.39	61.18±8.55	170.73±12.03	12 371.74±435.26
4^#	0.016 8	12.45±1.35	77.93±3.28	165.89±11.79	9 874.40±269.27

样品编号	T_d5%/ ℃	T_dmax/ ℃	热分解速率/ (%·℃^-1)	残炭量/%
1^#	259.74	288.57	6.26	38.49
2^#	265.89	289.26	4.32	52.81
3^#	264.65	288.03	5.10	52.15
4^#	262.10	283.50	3.90	62.50

纤维素纳米纤维/纳米蒙脱土复合气凝胶制备及其结构与性能

Preparation and properties of cellulose nanofiber/montmorillonite composite aerogels

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