三维机织复合材料板簧式起落架结构设计及其有限元分析

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20190602610

纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (03): 68-77.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190602610

三维机织复合材料板簧式起落架结构设计及其有限元分析

王翔华¹, 成玲¹(), 张一帆¹, 彭海锋², 黄志文², 刘晓志²

1.天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
2.中国直升机设计研究所, 江西景德镇 333001

收稿日期:2019-06-12 修回日期:2019-12-09 出版日期:2020-03-15 发布日期:2020-03-27
通讯作者: 成玲
作者简介:王翔华(1993—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为纺织复合材料结构及力学性能。
基金资助:
天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划项目(TD13-5043);天津市科技计划项目(18ZXJMTG00190)

Structural design and finite element analysis of landing gearwith leaf spring made of 3-D woven composite

WANG Xianghua¹, CHENG Ling¹(), ZHANG Yifan¹, PENG Haifeng², HUANG Zhiwen², LIU Xiaozhi²

1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
2. China Helicopter Research and Development Institute, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 333001, China

Received:2019-06-12 Revised:2019-12-09 Online:2020-03-15 Published:2020-03-27
Contact: CHENG Ling

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现直升机板簧式起落架减重和提高层间剪切性能,采用碳纤维三维机织结构整体制备复合材料起落架。针对起落架的设计要求,通过受力分析和理论计算,建立了板簧式起落架的三维力学分析模型;通过材料实验和理论计算,获得了有限元计算所需的材料工程常数;结合最大应力-应变准则,采用有限元方法对板簧进行准静态加载模拟,确定了板簧的截面和轴线几何形状,以及变截面增厚部位的长度值与厚度值。结果表明:基于斜纹2.5维机织复合材料结构,截面宽度为120 mm,厚度为24 mm的弓式圆弧形、矩形截面板簧在满足挠度的同时其应变小于材料许用应变值;基于优选截面,增厚长度为760 mm,增厚厚度为36 mm时,复合材料起落架不仅能较好满足挠度、强度等设计要求,而且在同类型航空用4340钢制成的板簧结构件基础上质量减少约30%。

关键词: 三维机织复合材料, 板簧式起落架, 结构力学, 碳纤维

Abstract:

In order to achieve the weight reduction of the helicopter leaf spring landing gear and improve the inter-layer shear performance, a carbon fiber 3-D woven structure was adopted to prepare integrally the composite landing gear. According to the design requirements of the landing gear, the 3-D mechanical analysis model of the leaf spring landing gear was established by force analysis and theoretical calculation. Through the material experiment and theoretical calculation, the material engineering constants required for the finite element calculation were obtained. Combined with the maximum stress-strain criterion, the finite element method was used to simulate the quasi-static loading of the leaf spring, the leaf spring section and axis geometry, and the length and thickness values of the variable cross-section. The results show that based on the twill 2.5-D woven composite structure, the circular arc-shaped and rectangular-section leaf spring with a section width of 120 mm and a thickness of 24 mm meets the deflection requirement while the strain is less than the allowable strain value of the material. Based on the preferred cross-section, when the thickening length is 760 mm and the thickening thickness is 36 mm, the composite landing gear not only can meet the design requirements of deflection and strength, but also the weight loss reached about 30% compared to the spring structure of 4340 steel currently used for aviation applications.

Key words: 3-D woven composite, leaf spring landing gear, structural mechanics, carbon fiber

中图分类号:

TB332

王翔华, 成玲, 张一帆, 彭海锋, 黄志文, 刘晓志. 三维机织复合材料板簧式起落架结构设计及其有限元分析[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(03): 68-77.

WANG Xianghua, CHENG Ling, ZHANG Yifan, PENG Haifeng, HUANG Zhiwen, LIU Xiaozhi. Structural design and finite element analysis of landing gearwith leaf spring made of 3-D woven composite[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(03): 68-77.

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飞机姿态	垂向载荷 F_y/N	水平载荷 F_z/N
机轮水平下沉着陆	9 561.5	0
机轮水平滑行	5 671.2	5 882.7

参数		TG800-6K碳纤维	5284环氧树脂
密度/(g·cm^-3)		1.79	1.21
延伸率/%		2.25	4.5
抗拉强度/MPa		5 490	50
	E_R/GPa	294	3.13
弹性模量	E_T/GPa	15	—
	E_Q/GPa	15	—
	G_RT/GPa	24	1.19
剪切模量	G_TQ/GPa	5.27	—
	G_RQ/GPa	24	—
	ν_RT	0.3	0.32
泊松比	ν_TQ	0.42	—
	ν_RQ	0.3	—

弹性工程常数		实验测试值	理论计算值
	E₁₁/GPa	68.09	70.12
弹性模量	E₂₂/GPa	23.31	24.89
	E₃₃/GPa	—	9.32
	G₁₂/GPa	—	13.21
剪切模量	G₂₃/GPa	—	8.28
	G₁₃/GPa	—	12.14
	ν₁₂	0.42	0.35
泊松比	ν₂₃	—	0.41
	ν₁₃	—	0.33

弯曲形状	挠度/ mm	应变			应力/MPa
弯曲形状	挠度/ mm	1向	2向	12向	1向	2向	12向
直线形	128.3	8 127	4 873	8 735	786.3	139.1	122.4
圆弧形	119.4	7 428	4 171	8 387	641.3	102.7	115.2

三维机织复合材料板簧式起落架结构设计及其有限元分析

Structural design and finite element analysis of landing gearwith leaf spring made of 3-D woven composite

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