纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 184-190.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190505607

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

吸能缓冲防护服装的研究进展

王雅娴, 李艳梅()   

  1. 上海工程技术大学 纺织服装学院, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-24 修回日期:2020-02-15 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 李艳梅
  • 作者简介:王雅娴(1995—),女,硕士生。研究方向为服装舒适性与功能。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(11802171);闽江学院现代服装技术协同创新开放基金项目(MJKFFZ201702)

Research progress in impact-energy-absorbing cushioning garments

WANG Yaxian, LI Yanmei()   

  1. College of Textile and Garment, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2019-05-24 Revised:2020-02-15 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-06-02
  • Contact: LI Yanmei

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摘要：

为优化低速冲击条件下吸能缓冲服装的功能防护性、穿着舒适性,叙述了国内外吸能缓冲服装可触发式防护、非可触发式防护2种防护方式的研究现状,详细阐述了研发过程中该类服装非着装和着装状态下防护性能测试的3种方式及相关标准,并分析了各种方法的优缺点。研究表明:吸能缓冲服装的可触发、非可触发防护涉及到电子电工、医学、服装等多领域交叉合作,就缓冲材料本身,在满足基本防护性能的同时应注重其服用性能;防护性能测试方面,认为数值模拟可规避较多不可控风险,并提出模拟模型应充分考虑“人-服装”结合,且测试标准应向着统一化、规范化发展。

关键词: 低速冲击, 防护服, 吸能缓冲, 骨骼损伤, 防护性能

Abstract:

In order to establish understanding for the protection, wear comfort of impact-energy-absorbing cushioning garments under low-speed impact, this paper reports on the research outcomes of two types of protection methods, i.e. triggered protection and non-triggered protection, used for impact-energy-absorbing cushioning garments both in China and abroad. It reviews the three test methods and related standards of the protective performance test of the garments in the non-dressing and dressing states, and then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The results show that the triggered and non-triggered protection of impact-energy-absorbing cushioning garments involves multidisciplinary collaborations of many fields such as electrics, medicine, clothing, and so on. As for the cushioning materials, they should meet the wearability requirement while satisfying the basic protective performance. In terms of protection performance evaluation, numerical simulation is shown to be able to avoid uncontrollable risks, and simulation models should fully consider the "human-clothing" interaction. The review concludes that test standards should be developed for unification and universality.

Key words: low speed impact, protective garments, energy absorption buffer, bone injury, protective performance

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.73

表1

应用软质吸能型防护材料的服装"

服装名称 吸能材料选择 防护结构原理 结合方式 年份 研发阶段
丹麦SafeHip?[13] 经编、纬编间隔
织物组合		 三维织物,主要依靠间隔丝的压缩变形
将动能转化为自身势能		 — — 市场化
BAZUS滑雪服 D3O凝胶 D3O受外力瞬时变硬,
分散并吸收能量		 插片式,可拆卸 2009 市售
新型裤子、外套[14,15] 弹性材质如气囊 密闭气体压缩吸收能量 可拆卸 2014、2016 专利
防护运动服[16] 针织纬编间隔织物 间隔丝的变形压缩吸收能量 一体化 2015 实验室研究
防护型功能服[17] D3O凝胶、
DEFLEXION材料、
有机硅经编间隔织物		 D3O、DEFLEXION材料为非牛顿流体,
受外力瞬时变硬,分散并吸收能量;
有机硅经编间隔织物利用间隔纱胶硅胶
的可压缩性吸收外力		 衍缝,不可拆卸 2016 专利
骑马运动碰撞
防护裤[18]		 聚氨酯材料 聚氨酯压缩吸收能量 双层夹缓冲材料,
不可拆卸		 2016 实验室研究

表2

盆骨-软组织-海绵材料模型中材料参数"

材料种类 密度/(g·cm-3) 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比
皮质骨 1.40 7 300 0.300
松质骨 1.10 200 0.300
软组织 0.75 Hyperelastic 0.495
海绵泡沫 0.05 Hyperfoam 0.000
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