纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 112-120.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190402809

• 染整与化学品 • 上一篇    下一篇

阻燃抗菌棉织物的制备及其性能表征

周青青1,2, 陈嘉毅2, 祁珍明2, 陈为健2, 邵建中1   

  1. 1.浙江理工大学 纺织科学与工程学院(国际丝绸学院), 浙江 杭州 310018
    2.盐城工学院 纺织服装学院, 江苏 盐城 224051
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-05 修回日期:2019-12-12 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-06-02
  • 作者简介:周青青(1983—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为纳米材料及织物功能整理。

Preparation and characterization of flame retardant and antibacterial cotton fabric

ZHOU Qingqing1,2, CHEN Jiayi2, QI Zhenming2, CHEN Weijian2, SHAO Jianzhong1   

  1. 1. College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. College of Textiles and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology,Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
  • Received:2019-04-05 Revised:2019-12-12 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-06-02

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摘要：

为赋予织物多功能性,解决纳米材料在织物表面的分散均匀性问题,采用植酸与三聚氰胺制备植酸铵盐,赋予织物阻燃性能。在此基础上,阻燃织物表面原位生长纳米银,制备阻燃抗菌多功能纺织品。通过正交试验分析方法对织物阻燃整理和抗菌整理工艺进行优化,并通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱、热重分析等技术手段对织物进行表征。研究结果表明:织物经植酸铵盐二浸二轧整理后,其极限氧指数可达35%以上,其耐水洗性能提高;对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抑菌作用;整理织物表面粗糙,含有P、N、Ag等元素,织物表面成功接枝植酸铵盐和Ag纳米颗粒,且分布均匀;植酸铵盐和植酸铵盐-Ag对织物表面形成炭层有一定影响,其燃烧后的炭渣量比未整理织物增加了27%。

关键词: 植酸铵盐, 纳米银, 阻燃整理, 抗菌整理, 原位生长, 棉织物功能整理

Abstract:

In order to enable the fabrics with multi-functions and solve the problem of uniformity of nano-materials on the surface of fabrics, ammonium phytate was synthesized from phytic acid and melamine, which were economically and environmentally friendly and hence widely used. The flame-retardant property of the fabric was endowed with ammonium phytate and in-situ growth of nano-silver on the surface of flame-retardant fabrics to prepare flame-retardant and anti-bacterial multi-functional textiles. The flame retardant and antimicrobial finishing processes of fabrics were optimized by orthogonal test analysis. The fabrics were characterized by infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The results show that the limiting oxygen index of the fabric reaches more than 35% after two-dip and two-roll finishing with ammonium phytate salt, and the washing resistance of the fabric is shown possible to be improved. The flame-retardant fabrics have good bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by in situ growth of nano silver. The surface of the finished fabric became rough and contains P, N and Ag, which indicates that ammonium phytate and Ag nanoparticles uniformed distribution are successfully grafted on the surface of the fabric. Finishing agent(PA-N, PA-N-Ag) have a certain effect on the formation of carbon layer on the surface of fabrics, and the amount of charcoal slag after burning is 27% higher than that of the original fabrics.

Key words: ammonium phytate, nano-Ag, flame retardant finishing, antibacterial finishing, in-situ growth, function finishing of cotton fabric

中图分类号: 

  • TS195

图1

PA-N反应示意图"

表1

阻燃整理因素水平表"

水平 A
植酸铵盐
质量浓度/
(g·L-1)		 B
双氰胺
质量浓度/
(g·L-1)		 C
焙烘
温度/℃		 D
焙烘
时间/
min
1 5 10 160 3
2 15 20 180 2
3 25 30 200 1

表2

抗菌整理因素水平表"

水平 A
硝酸银
溶液体积/mL		 B
氨水体积/
mL		 C
柠檬酸
三钠体积/mL		 D
时间/
h
1 10 3 5 0.5
2 15 7 10 1.0
3 20 10 10 1.5

图2

PA、PA-N、MM的红外谱图"

表3

织物阻燃整理正交试验结果分析"

试验号 A
植酸铵盐
质量浓度/
(g·L-1)		 B
双氰胺
质量浓度/
(g·L-1)		 C
焙烘
温度/
℃		 D
焙烘
时间/
min		 极限氧
指数/%
1 5 10 160 1 23
2 5 20 180 2 27
3 5 30 200 3 20
4 15 10 180 3 24
5 15 20 200 1 40
6 15 30 160 2 25
7 25 30 200 2 32
8 25 10 160 3 25
9 25 20 180 1 37
k1 23.33 24.00 24.33 33.33
k2 29.67 34.67 29.33 28.00
k3 31.33 25.67 30.66 23.00
极差 8.00 10.67 6.33 10.33

表4

织物抗菌整理正交试验结果分析表"

试验
号		 A
硝酸
银溶液
体积/mL		 B
氨水
体积/mL		 C
柠檬
酸三钠
体积/mL		 D
时间/
h		 质量
增加率/
%
1 10 3 5 0.5 0.33
2 10 7 10 1.0 0.11
3 10 10 15 1.5 1.43
4 15 3 15 1.5 1.06
5 15 7 10 0.5 1.28
6 15 10 15 1.0 0.46
7 20 10 5 1.0 0.31
8 20 3 10 1.5 0.11
9 20 7 2 0.5 0.09
k1 0.61 0.57 0.30 0.57
k2 0.93 0.50 0.42 0.63
k3 0.17 0.66 1.01 0.87
极差 0.76 0.16 0.71 0.30

表5

织物的极限氧指数"

整理织物 织物水洗前后的极限氧指数/%
水洗前 洗1次 洗5次 洗10次
原织物 19 18 18 18
PA 32 21 18 18
PA-N 38 35 30 28
PA-N-Ag 33 29 27 25

表6

织物垂直燃烧试验数据"

整理
织物		 水洗
次数		 续燃
时间/s		 阴燃
时间/s		 碳长/
cm
PA 0 0 0 7.5
PA-N 0 0 0 5.6
0 0 0 6.0
PA-N-Ag 1 0 0 6.8
5 0.8 0 8.2
10 2.6 0 10.3

图3

不同整理织物的红外谱图"

图4

不同织物抑菌示意图"

图5

原织物扫描电镜及部分能谱图(×15 000)"

图6

PA织物扫描电镜及部分能谱图(×15 000)"

图7

PA-N织物扫描电镜及部分能谱图(×15 000)"

图8

PA-N-Ag织物扫描电镜及部分能谱图(×15 000)"

图9

不同织物燃烧前后扫描电镜照片"

图10

不同织物燃烧前后的X衍射图"

图11

不同织物TG及DTG曲线"

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