纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 20-28.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200204109

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

丙烯基纳微米弹性过滤材料的熔喷成型及其过滤性能

孙焕惟1, 张恒1,2(), 甄琪3, 朱斐超4, 钱晓明5, 崔景强2,6, 张一风1   

  1. 1.中原工学院 纺织学院, 河南 郑州 451191
    2.河南省医用高分子材料技术与应用重点实验室,河南 新乡 453400
    3.中原工学院 服装学院, 河南 郑州 451191
    4.浙江理工大学 纺织科学与工程学院(国际丝绸学院), 浙江 杭州 310018
    5.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院,天津 300387
    6.河南驼人医疗器械集团有限公司, 河南 新乡 453400
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-20 修回日期:2020-05-02 出版日期:2020-10-15 发布日期:2020-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 张恒
  • 作者简介:孙焕惟(1996—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为功能性非织造材料的开发。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(52003306);国家生物医用材料生产应用示范平台资助项目(TC190H3ZV/1);纺织服装产业河南省协同创新中心资助项目(2020-CYY-005);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20A540001);河南省医用高分子材料技术与应用重点实验室(1-TR-B-03-190227)

Filtrations of propylene-based micro-nano elastic filters via melt blowing process

SUN Huanwei1, ZHANG Heng1,2(), ZHEN Qi3, ZHU Feichao4, QIAN Xiaoming5, CUI Jingqiang2,6, ZHANG Yifeng1   

  1. 1. School of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China
    2. Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Polymer Materials Technology and Application, Xinxiang, Henan 453400, China
    3. School of Clothing, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China
    4. College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    5. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    6. Henan Tuoren Medical Device Co., Ltd., Xinxiang, Henan 453400, China
  • Received:2020-02-20 Revised:2020-05-02 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-27
  • Contact: ZHANG Heng

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摘要：

为增强聚丙烯(PP)熔喷非织造材料的弹性以解决其用于过滤材料脆性大、抗拉性差的不足,以共混熔喷法制备了以丙烯基弹性体(PBE)为增强基的PBE/PP基纳微米纤维材料,测试了PBE/PP共混体系的热性能和熔体流变特性,分析了PBE质量分数和熔喷工艺对样品弹性和过滤性能的影响。结果表明,随着PBE用量增加到85%,该共混体系的熔融峰值从173.6 ℃降低到165.1 ℃,结晶度从39.0% 逐渐降低到9.8%;纤维直径在0.4~16 μm 之间呈现二值化分布特性,并且细纤维穿插与粗纤维间以组成立体迂曲的“嵌入”形态;随着PBE的质量分数增大到85%,纤维直径小于2 μm的纤维数量占比增大到68.3%,纵、横向弹性回复率分别增大到81.8%和79.1%,进而样品的过滤效率增大约1.8 倍,静水压增大到 4 699.6 Pa。

关键词: 非织造材料, 熔喷, 丙烯基弹性体, 过滤性能, 静水压阻, 纳微米纤维

Abstract:

In order to enhance the elasticity of polypropylene (PP) melt blown nonwovens to solve brittleness and poor tensile strength when used as filters, samples of PBE/PP micro-nano fibrous materials reinforced with propylene-based elastomer (PBE) were prepared through the blending melt blowing process. The thermal properties and rheological properties of the PBE/PP blends were tested and the effects of PBE mass ratio and melt blowing process parameters on elasticity and filtration properties of the samples were studied. The results show that the melting peak of the blends decreases from 173.6 ℃ to 165.1 ℃ and the crystallinity gradually decreases from 39.0% to 9.8% as the PBE mass ratio is increased to 85%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the fiber diameter (df) distribution indicates binary feature in the range of 0.4-16 μm. The fine fibers are interspersed with the coarse ones to form a three-dimensional tortuous "embed" network. As the mass fraction of PBE increases to 85%, the proportion of the fine fibers with df of less than 2 μm increases to 68.3%, and the elastic recovery rate of the samples in the machine direction and cross direction increases to 81.8% and 79.1%, respectively. The filtration efficiency increases by about 1.8 times, and the hydrostatic pressure resistance increases to 4 699.6 Pa.

Key words: nonwoven, melt blown, propylene-based elastomer (PBE), filtration performance, hydrostatic pressure resistance, micro-nano fiber

中图分类号: 

  • TS176

表1

PBE/PP熔喷非织造材料的工艺"

设备 特征参数 温度设定/℃
螺杆
挤出机		 直径为25 mm,
长径比为28∶1		 一区 160
二区 215
三区 245
四区 245, 255, 265, 275, 285
五区 245, 255, 265, 275, 285
计量泵 规格为3 mL/r,
转速为5 r/min		 245, 255, 265, 275, 285
熔喷模头 喷丝孔径为0.35 mm,
长径比为12∶1		 245, 255, 265, 275,285
罗茨风机 风量为3.3 m3/min,
风压为45 kPa		 260
其他 接收距离为9, 12, 18, 24和32 cm

图1

PBE/PP共混聚合物的DSC曲线"

表2

聚合物的DSC数据"

编号 m(PBE)∶m(PP) Tm/℃ ΔHm/(J·g-1) ΔHc/(J·g-1) Xc/%
1# 0∶100 173.6 81.5 -98.9 39.0
2# 25∶75 171.0 80.2 -91.2 38.4
3# 50∶50 167.9 70.8 -90.2 33.9
4# 75∶25 166.3 46.4 -53.9 22.2
5# 85∶15 165.1 20.5 -25.2 9.8

图2

聚合物的流变曲线"

图3

不同PBE比例的样品表面形态电镜照片"

图4

不同比例的样品直径分布"

图5

不同模头温度的样品表面形态电镜照片"

图6

不同接收距离的样品横截面形态电镜照片"

图7

样品的弹性回复曲线"

表3

样品的拉伸弹性数据"

编号 方向 塑性
变形率		 弹性
回复率		 急弹性
变形率		 缓弹性
变形率
5# 纵 18.22 81.78 61.85 19.93
横 20.86 79.14 51.98 27.16
4# 纵 27.46 72.54 51.45 21.09
横 27.56 72.44 44.22 28.22
3# 纵 29.63 70.37 44.44 25.93
横 32.10 67.9 38.77 29.13
2# 纵 35.00 65.00 36.25 28.75
横 35.80 64.20 34.57 29.63

图8

样品的过滤性能"

图9

样品的静水压"

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