中空多孔异形聚丙烯腈纤维的制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20200607606

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为获得具有优异保暖性能的中空多孔纤维,利用同轴湿法纺丝制备兼具中空和介孔结构的异形聚丙烯腈纤维,首先将聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)分别与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺共混得到皮层和芯层溶液,然后经同轴异形喷丝针头进入凝固浴得到初生纤维,最后水洗干燥制得高度多孔性的PAN异形纤维。通过设计正交试验优化反应条件,并对纤维的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:采用湿法纺丝制备的PAN纤维截面呈异形,鞘层呈现出三级结构多尺度孔径,包括微米孔(200 μm)、亚微米孔(200 nm)和纳米孔(20 nm),皮层溶液浓度是影响纤维比表面积的主要因素;制备的PAN纤维的断裂强力可达390.88 cN,隔热保暖性能优于羊毛。

关键词: 湿法纺丝, 异形纤维, 中空多孔纤维, 聚丙烯腈纤维, 保暖性能

Abstract:

In order to obtain hollow porous fibers with thermal insulation performance, the coaxial wet spinning method was used to prepare irregular polyacrylonitrile fibers with both hollow and mesoporous structures. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were blended to get cortical solution, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and DMF were blended to get core solution. Subsequently, the solution was introduced to the coagulation bath through the coaxial shaped spinneret to obtain the primary fibers, and then the PAN-based shaped fibers with high porosity were obtained after washing and drying. Orthogonal experiments were adopted to optimize reaction conditions, and the structures and performance of the fiber were characterized. The results show that the fiber cross-section is of shaped profiles, and the sheath has a three-level structure with multi-scale pore diameters, including micropores (200 μm), submicron pores (200 nm) and nanopores (20 nm). The concentration of cortical solution is the main factor affecting the specific surface area of fiber. The breaking strength of the fiber can reach 390.88 cN. The thermal insulation performance of fiber is better than that of wool.

Key words: wet spinning, shaped fiber, hollow porous fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, thermal performance

中图分类号:

TS104.72

王慧云, 王萍, 李媛媛, 张岩. 中空多孔异形聚丙烯腈纤维的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(03): 50-55.

WANG Huiyun, WANG Ping, LI Yuanyuan, ZHANG Yan. Preparation of polyacrylonitrile hollow porous shaped fibers and its performance[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(03): 50-55.

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参考文献 11

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样品编号	中空度/%	异形度/%
1	7.98	39.08
2	2.49	43.75
3	7.74	36.00
4	2.25	49.78
5	3.41	58.91
6	7.07	22.68
7	27.66	30.56
8	39.04	24.00
9	36.00	23.44

样品编号	比表面积/ (m²·g^-1)	孔体积/ (cm³·g^-1)	孔直径/nm
1	24.58	0.081	16.37
2	8.50	0.052	68.20
3	10.86	0.046	31.01
4	17.75	0.073	18.39
5	10.45	0.074	41.51
6	9.90	0.067	33.73
7	4.43	0.004	5.11
8	7.48	0.008	4.82
9	5.82	0.028	58.99

试验编号	因素				断裂强力/cN
试验编号	A	B	C	D	断裂强力/cN
1	1	1	1	1	107.22
2	1	2	2	2	131.71
3	1	3	3	3	135.85
4	2	1	2	3	300.72
5	2	2	3	1	332.27
6	2	3	1	2	305.32
7	3	1	3	2	380.26
8	3	2	1	3	382.81
9	3	3	2	1	317.14
K₁	374.78	788.20	795.35	756.63
K₂	938.29	846.79	749.57	817.29
K₃	1 080.21	758.31	848.38	818.93
k₁	124.93	262.73	265.12	252.21
k₂	312.76	282.26	249.86	272.43
k₃	360.07	252.77	282.79	272.98
极差	235.14	29.49	32.94	20.77
主次因素	A>C>B>D
最优水平	A₃	B₂	C₃	D₃
最优组合	A₃ B₂ C₃ D₃