纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (05): 168-177.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200402510

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

导电复合纤维基柔性应变传感器的研究进展

汤健1, 闫涛1,2(), 潘志娟1,2   

  1. 1.苏州大学 纺织与服装工程学院, 江苏 苏州 215021
    2.苏州大学 现代丝绸国家工程实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-10 修回日期:2020-12-30 出版日期:2021-05-15 发布日期:2021-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 闫涛
  • 作者简介:汤健(1997—),男,博士生。主要研究方向为智能纤维及纺织品。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019045)

Research progress of flexible strain sensors based on conductive composite fibers

TANG Jian1, YAN Tao1,2(), PAN Zhijuan1,2   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
    2. National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
  • Received:2020-04-10 Revised:2020-12-30 Online:2021-05-15 Published:2021-05-20
  • Contact: YAN Tao

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摘要：

为促进导电复合纤维在柔性应变传感器领域的应用,从导电材料和柔性基体的结合方式出发,对传感器的制备方法进行综述分析,其制备方法主要分为3类,包括导电材料/柔性基体匀质复合纤维、导电材料包覆柔性纤维和柔性基体包覆导电纤维。在此基础上,对3类导电复合纤维传感器的性能进行比较分析,总结了各导电网络的传感性能。分析发现纤维的形变行为和导电网络的压阻效应决定了传感器的应变性能和敏感性,导电材料和柔性基体的界面作用是影响传感器稳定性和耐久性的关键因素,复合纤维及纤维集合体和多重导电的网络结构的研发有利于高性能传感器的开发。最后,介绍了导电纤维柔性应变传感器的应用情况和发展趋势,并提出了今后的研究方向。

关键词: 导电复合纤维, 柔性应变传感器, 导电网络, 传感性能, 石墨烯, 碳纳米管

Abstract:

In order to promote the application of conductive composite fibers in the field of flexible strain sensors, the fabricating methods from the combination of the conductive material and the flexible matrix are reviewed. The flexible strain sensors are divided into 3 types, i.e. the conductive material/flexible matrix uniform composite fibers, the flexible fiber coated with a conductive material, and coated the conductive fibers using a flexible matrix. On this basis, the performance of these 3 types of conductive composite fiber sensors are compared and analyzed, and the sensing performance of various conductive networks are summarized. It is found that the strain property and sensitivity of the sensors are determined by the deformation behavior of fibers and the piezoresistive effect of the conductive network, that the interface interaction between the conductive material and the flexible matrix is the key factor to affect the stability and durability of the sensor, and that the fiber and fiber assembly with composite structures and multiple conducting network structures are conductive to the development of high-performance sensor. The application and development trend of conductive fiber flexible strain sensor are described, and the future research directions are put forward.

Key words: conductive composite fiber, flexible strain sensor, conductive network, sensing performance, graphene, carbon nanotubes

中图分类号: 

  • TM242

表1

导电材料/柔性基体匀质复合纤维应变传感器的性能比较"

材料 制备方法 渗透阈
值/%		 电导率/
(S·cm-1)		 最大拉伸
应变/%		 GF值(拉伸应变范围) 循环次数(循环
拉伸应变)		 响应时间/ms 参考
文献
MWNT/Ecoflex 同轴湿法纺丝 0.74 — 300 -0.063(<25%)
0.68(50%~100%)
1 378(<300%)		 10 000(100%) 300 [2]
MWNT/TPU 3D打印 — — 65 176 — — [8]
CB/TPE 挤出纺丝 — — 80 20 3 800(80%) — [9]
AgNW+AgNP/SBS 湿法纺丝 — 2 450 100 15 — — [10]
PEDOT:PSS/TPU 湿法纺丝+针织 — 9.4 160 -1 500(100%) — [11]
CB/TPU 同轴湿法纺丝 — — 200 28 084 11 000(60%) 200 [13]
MWNT/PC 熔融纺丝 0.5 — 1.5 16(<1.8%) — — [17]
MWNT/TPU 湿法纺丝 — — 320 22.2(<160%)
97.1(160%~320%)		 — 200 [18]
GR/SBS 湿法纺丝 2.7 — 110 160(<50%)
2 546(<100%)		 — — [21]
GR/SBS 湿法纺丝 — — 100 55.92(0~40%)
1 591.51(40%~73%)
10 083.98(73%~100%)		 2 100(20%) — [22]
GR/PDMS 挤出纺丝 — — 100 335(100%)
65(6%)		 600(6%) — [23]
PEDOT:PSS/TPU 湿法纺丝 2.9 25 260 — — — [25]
PEDOT:PSS/TPU 湿法纺丝 — 5.4 200 1 500(<200%)
350(<100%)		 — — [26]

表2

导电材料包覆柔性纤维应变传感器的性能比较"

材料 包覆方法 电导率/
(S·cm-1)		 最大拉伸
应变/%		 GF值(拉伸应变范围) 循环次数(循环
拉伸应变)		 响应时间/ms 参考文献
GR+ AgNP/TPU 浸涂(层层自组装) 0.427 50 490.2 2 000(50%) — [1]
AgNW/棉+TPU 浸涂 — 200 1.6(<50%)
4.2(<200%)		 1 000(10%) 316 [4]
AgNW/TPU 部分嵌入 3.2 43 87.6 (<22%)
519.3(22%~39%)		 2 500(5%) 49 [6]
MXene+AgNP+AgNW/
涤纶+氨纶		 浸涂 — 200 309.10(0~60%)
474.38(60%~150%)
872.79(150%~200%)		 1 500(20%) — [12]
GR/尼龙+橡胶 喷涂 — 310 20.7 1 000(50%) — [14]
PEDOT/涤纶 原位聚合 1 000 70 0.9 1 000(20%) — [24]
RGO/PE+TPU 浸涂 — 100 10(<1%)
3.7(<50%)		 10 000(50%) 100 [27]
GR/TPU 浸涂(层层自组装) — 50 86.86 100(50%) — [28]
GR/PBT 浸涂 — 50 2.5 — — [29]
AgNW/TPU+乳胶 浸涂 0.2 100 5.326(<25%) 10 000(5%) 20 [30]
石墨/蚕丝 挤压涂布 — 15 14.5 3 000(10%) 135 [31]
CNT/氨纶 挤压涂布 70.92 80 2~3 1 000(80%) — [32]
MWNT+SWNT/TPU 超声包覆 13 100 1.67 (<20%)
1.24 (20%~100%)		 2 000(50%) — [34]
MWNT/TPU 超声包覆 — 300 102 10 000(50%) 200 [33]
MWNT/TPU 超声包覆 — 200 111.1 (<50%)
1 344.1 (150%~200%)		 10 000(30%) 88 [35]
SWNT/PET+橡胶 超声包覆 — 44 46.4(<15%)
353(15%~29%)
980(29%~44%)		 1 000(20%) 200 [36]
AgNW /POE 超声包覆 — 64 13 920 4 500(10%) 10 [37]
CNT/棉+氨纶 超声包覆+挤压涂布 — 350 — 200(10%) — [38]
碳墨水/涤纶+乳胶 超声包覆 — 50 6.1 (0.5%~20%) 1 000(50%) 110 [39]
GR+CB/脱胶亚麻 超声包覆 296 60 1.46~5.62 (<8%) 1 000(8%) 209 [40]
SWNT/棉+TPU 上浆包覆 — 300 2.15 (<25%)
0.65(25%~240%)		 300 000(40%) — [41]
MWNT/TPU 上浆包覆 — 30 2.3 (<10%) — — [42]
GR+SWNT+CB/TPU 上浆包覆 — 350 2.14 2 400(25%) 65 [43]
AgNW/丙烯酸+氨纶 上浆包覆 — 50 — 80(12%) — [44]
PPy/PET+橡胶 原位聚合 — 105 51.2 (<40%)
27.6(40%~105%)		 400(10%) — [45]
PANI/UHMWPE 原位聚合 0.87 10 7.38~15.47 — — [46]

表3

柔性基体包覆导电纤维应变传感器的性能比较"

材料 制备方法 电导率/
(S·cm-1)		 最大拉伸
应变/%		 GF值(拉伸
应变范围)		 循环次数(循环
拉伸应变)		 响应时间/ms 参考文献
CNT/环氧树脂 纺纱技术 — 1 0.38 — — [47]
CNT/PVA 气凝胶纺丝 447.1 5 5.29 (3.6%~5%) 20(5%) — [48]
CNT/Ecoflex 干法纺丝 — 960 0.54(<400%)
64(400%~960%)		 10 000(300%) 10 [49]
GR/PVA 化学气相沉积 960 7.1 5.02 (1%~6.3%) 200(6%) — [51]
GR/PDMS 化学气相沉积 — 8 34.3~48.9 50(6%) — [52]
炭化PAN+GR/TPU 炭化 — 2 1 700 300(2%) — [53]
炭化棉+炭化PAN/TPU 炭化 — 30 37.3(<0.1%)
11.5 (0.3%~30%)		 1 000(0.1/20%) 300 [54]
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