纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 26-34.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210205109

所属专题： 印染废水处理技术

• 纺织科技新见解学术沙龙专栏: 纤维微塑料削减与可持续发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

纤维微塑料在印染废水产排污环节的赋存特征

徐晨烨1, 顾春节1, 倪亦凡1, 沈忱思1, 王华平2, 乌婧2, 李方1()   

  1. 1. 东华大学 环境科学与工程学院, 上海 201620
    2. 东华大学 材料科学与工程学院, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-22 修回日期:2021-03-14 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 李方
  • 作者简介:徐晨烨(1990—),女,讲师,博士。主要研究方向为污染监测及健康评价。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFE0201400);国家自然科学基金项目(22006010)

Occurrence and release of fibrous microplastic from dyeing and printing wastewater

XU Chenye1, GU Chunjie1, NI Yifan1, SHEN Chensi1, WANG Huaping2, WU Jing2, LI Fang1()   

  1. 1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2021-02-22 Revised:2021-03-14 Published:2021-06-15 Online:2021-06-25
  • Contact: LI Fang

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摘要：

印染废水的末端排放是自然水体中纤维微塑料的重要来源之一,为了解长三角印染行业纤维微塑料的产排特征和环境归趋,采集了22家印染企业调节池进水及末端出水样品,分析纤维微塑料的丰度、形态、聚合物类型及去除率。结果表明:纤维微塑料在进出水样品中的平均丰度为(7 504.8±5 685.9)及(1 272.7±782.2)个/L,其中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为主要贡献者,Kruskal-Wallis检验并未发现织物原材料对聚合物组成有显著影响;进水中100~300 μm和无色透明的纤维微塑料占主导,处理后出水中尺寸小于100 μm和有色纤维的比例有所上升,这与纤维微塑料的性能和末端处理截留效率有关;尽管末端处理对纤维微塑料的平均去除率可达(78.3±10.2)%,纤维微塑料通过印染末端废水的排放量为(3.88±5.75)×109个/d,由此带来的水体生态风险是持续且积累的。该研究结果可为我国纺织污染新型污染物的评估及进一步去除微塑料的工艺设计提供数据和参考。

关键词: 纤维微塑料, 纺织印染, 末端排放, 去除率, 风险评价, 印染废水

Abstract:

Fibrous microplastic (MP)derived from textile printing and dyeing industry are considered to be an important source of MPs in the aquatic environment. In order to understand the pollution emission characteristics and environmental behaviors of fibrous MP from the industry in the Yangtze River Delta, the regulation influent and end effluent samples from 22 textile printing and dyeing enterprises were collected to analyze the abundance, morphology, polymer types and removal efficiencies of fibrous MP. It was found that fibrous MP were occurred in all samples with average abundance of (7 504.8±5 685.9) and (1 272.7±782.2) n/L in influent and effluent samples, respectively. PET was the major polymer type, but no significant association was observed between raw materials and polymer compositions in wastewater. fibrous MP of sizes with 100-300 μm and with transparent color dominated the influent, but small-sized (<100 μm) and colored fibrous MP increased across the treatment systems, which was attributable to the fibers characterization and treatment pathways. Overall, the removal rates of fibrous MP were (78.3±10.2)%, removal efficiencies were positively correlated with sizes. Ecological risks assessment indicated that (3.88±5.75)×109 n/d fibrous MP from effluent were still released due to the huge daily capacity, which posed potential and lasting pressure on the aquatic environment. This findings from this research provide technical understanding on fibrous MP in wastewater effluents channel and their composition, and help optimize advanced treatment processes.

Key words: fibrous microplastics, textile and dyeing, effluent release, removal rate, risk assessment, dyeing and printing wastewater

中图分类号: 

  • TS102

图1

长三角地区采样点示意图"

图2

采样点印染废水进水和出水中微纤维丰度 注:图中从左至右样本编号依次为S1~S22。"

表1

不同地区印染企业及污水处理厂进出水中微纤维/微塑料丰度"

调查对象 目标污染物 丰度/(个·L-1) 去除率/% 参考文献
进水中 出水中
中国柯桥工业区
纺织印染企业 		纤维微塑料 A厂:12 300
B厂:54 100
C厂:2 100 		1 880
1 350
10 		84.7
97.5
99.5 		[13]
中国某纺织印染企业1 纤维微塑料 256.7 25 90.3 [20]
中国某纺织印染企业2 纤维微塑料 334.1 16.3 95.1 [21]
土耳其某城市污水处理厂 微塑料 Seyhan: 26.5±3.17 6.99±0.764 73 [22]
Yuregir: 23.4±4.10 4.11±0.318 79
加拿大温哥华城市污水处理厂 微塑料 31.1±6.7 0.5±0.2 99 [23]
英国格拉斯哥市镇污水处理厂 微塑料 15.7±5.23 0.25±0.04 98.41
初级:78.34;次级:20.1 		[14]
韩国市镇污水厂 微塑料 A2O: 29 850 0.435 > 98 [24]
SBR: 16 450 0.140
Media: 13 865 0.280
芬兰市镇污水厂 微塑料 MBR: 6.9 0.005 99.9 [25]
砂滤:0.7 0.02 97
气浮:2.0 0.1 95
芬兰Kenkaveronniemi
市镇污水厂 		纤维微塑料 52.6±11.3 0.3±0.1 99.4 [26]
微塑料 57.6±12.4 0.6±0.2 98.9

表2

原材料对末端废水材质残余量影响的Kruskal-Wallis检验"

原材料 PET PP PE PA
化学纤维 78.1±33.9 12.5±26.7 3.12±8.84 6.25±11.6
棉 76.3±37.1 0.00±0.00 19.1±37.8 4.76±12.6
其他材料 77.1±37.3 8.57±15.7 7.14±18.9 7.14±18.9
Chi-square, p 0.005,0.995 0.880, 0.431 0.845,0.445 0.048,0.953

图3

采样点印染废水中的微纤维材质组成和纤维微塑料材质组成"

图4

印染废水纤维微塑料尺寸分布 注:各图中从左至右样本编号依次为S1~S22。"

图5

印染废水中纤维微塑料颜色组成 注:图中从左至右样本编号依次为S1~S22。"

图6

进水中透明与有色纤维不同尺寸分布"

图7

纤维微塑料的去除率与尺寸分布关系"

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