纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 180-188.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200603809

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剪切增稠液/纤维复合材料防弹性能的研究进展

张倩玉1, 秦志刚1,2, 阎若思1,2(), 贾立霞1,2   

  1. 1. 河北科技大学 纺织服装学院, 河北 石家庄 050018
    2. 河北科技大学 河北省纺织服装技术创新中心, 河北 石家庄 050018
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-15 修回日期:2021-01-10 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 阎若思
  • 作者简介:张倩玉(1996—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为剪切增稠纺织复合材料。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金青年基金项目(E2019208424);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2018038);河北省青年拔尖人才支持计划(2018-27)

Research progress on bulletproof properties of shear thickening fluid/high performance fiber composites

ZHANG Qianyu1, QIN Zhigang1,2, YAN Ruosi1,2(), JIA Lixia1,2   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Garments, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
    2. Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Textile and Garment, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
  • Received:2020-06-15 Revised:2021-01-10 Published:2021-06-15 Online:2021-06-28
  • Contact: YAN Ruosi

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摘要：

为促进对剪切增稠液(STF)与高性能纤维复合形成具有高效力学响应和能量吸收机制的智能抗冲击防护材料的性能研究和应用,综述了STF流变性能、STF/纤维复合材料力学性能及其抗弹道冲击机制的研究进展,分析了STF原料选择、复合材料体系构建原理及制备方法。针对STF/纤维复合材料的弹道冲击过程和特点及其在高速冲击下的反应机制,探讨影响弹道冲击性能的因素并提出解决方案。展望了高响应度的柔性智能STF/纤维防弹复合材料的研究发展方向,指出对柔性智能STF/纤维防弹复合材料的表征和评价方法尚需完善,基于三维自增强结构、纤维材料与STF界面结合性、流变滑移及摩擦特性是未来防弹复合材料的研究重点。

关键词: 剪切增稠, 防弹机制, 纤维增强复合材料, 流变性能, 防弹性能

Abstract:

In order to promote the research and applications of intelligent impact protection materials, this paper reviewed the progress in shear thickening fluid (STF) impregnated high-performance fibers, summarizing their effective mechanical response and energy absorption mechanism upon high velocity impact. The research progress of STF rheological properties, mechanical properties of STF/fiber composites and their anti-ballistic impact mechanisms were reviewed. The selection of STF raw material, the construction principle of composite material system and the preparation method were analyzed. According to the characteristics of ballistic impact process and the reaction mechanisms of STF/fiber composites under high velocity impact, the factors affecting ballistic impact performance were discussed and perspective solutions proposed. The research direction of flexible and intelligent STF/fiber bullet proof composites with high responsiveness is forecasted, and it was made clear that the characterization and evaluation methods of flexible and intelligent STF/fiber bulletproof composites still need improving. The composites based on the three-dimensional self-reinforcing structures, the interfacial bonding between fiber material and STF, the rheological slip and friction characteristics are the key research points in the future.

Key words: shear thickening, bulletproof mechanism, fiber reinforced composite, rheological property, bulletproof property

中图分类号: 

  • TB332

图1

STF增稠机制示意图"

图2

STF的流变曲线"

图3

防弹机制示意图"

表1

STF的制备方法及组成"

分散相(质量分数) 分散介质 单相/多相 制备方法 参考文献
气相SiO2(10%~40%) 聚乙二醇(PEG) 单相 高速分散器 [17]
SiO2颗粒(60%、65%) PEG 单相 机械+超声波搅拌 [18-19]
亚微米SiO2(65%) PEG 单相 匀浆器+超声波搅拌 [19]
改性SiO2(50%) PEG 单相 超声波搅拌 [20]
CaCO3(10%~40%) PEG 单相 高速剪切机+超声波搅拌 [21]
玉米淀粉(43%、55%) 水 单相 超声波搅拌 [7]
SiO2(50%~64%) 离子液体 单相 超声波搅拌 [11]
聚氯乙烯(47%~57%) 邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 单相 机械搅拌 [22]
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(51%) PEG 单相 机械搅拌 [23]
SiO2(20%)/SiC(45%) PEG 多相 高速分散器 [24]
SiO2(44%)/CNT(0.8%) PEG 多相 高速剪切机 [25-26]
Si(20%)/SiC(5%、25%、45%) PEG 多相 高速分散器 [27]
SiO2(10%、17.5%、25%)/
硅烷偶联剂(18%、28%、38%) 		PEG 多相 超声波搅拌 [28-29]
Si(25%、50%、75%)/CaCO3(75%、50%、25%) PEG 多相 高速剪切机+超声波搅拌 [21]
聚苯乙烯丙烯酸酯(53.5%)/CNT(1%、1.5%) PEG 多相 超声波搅拌 [30]

表2

STF/纤维复合材料增强体结构类型"

纤维名称 纤维名称 织物结构 增强体类型 与STF复合方法 参考文献
芳纶 Kevlar?? 平纹
斜纹
非织造布 		叠层
叠层
叠层 		浸渍
浸渍
浸渍 		[19]
[32]
[11]
非织造布 叠层 涂层 [21]
Kevlar??/铝板 层合板结构 多元复合结构 浸渍 [33]
Kevlar??/玻璃纤维 经编间隔织物 三维结构 填充 [34]
HT-840(Heracron??) 平纹 叠层 浸渍 [35]
平纹 叠层 涂层 [36]
Twaron?? 平纹 叠层 浸渍 [16]
芳纶/碳纤维 三明治蜂窝芯结构 多元复合结构 填充 [37]
芳纶 三维正交 三维结构 浸渍 [38]
超高分子量聚乙烯
(UHMWPE) 		UHMWPE 平纹 叠层 浸渍 [39-40]
UHMWPE 单向织物 叠层 浸渍 [41]
UHMWPE/发泡材料 层合板结构 多元复合结构 浸渍 [42]
其他 高模聚丙烯 平纹 叠层 浸渍 [25]
涤纶 经编间隔织物 三维结构 填充 [43-44]

表3

防弹性能的主要影响因素及影响方式"

影响类型 影响因素 影响方式 参考文献
纤维 种类 断裂强度 [49?-51]
线密度 颗粒附着量 [35]
织物 密度 纱线间摩擦力 [35]
组织结构 应力传递 [45-46]
结构 叠层结构(层数/顺序/角度/叠层方式) 强度/材料延伸率/应力传递/整体性 [52,19,16,21]
三明治结构 粒子团聚 [43]
多元复合结构 应力/应变 [48]
三维结构 整体性 [38]
纳米填料 种类 黏度 [19,53]
粒径 临界剪切速率 [54]
含量 粒子团聚数量 [19,53,55]
是否改性 粒子团聚速度 [56]
多类 摩擦力/强度 [40,57-58]
复合方式 浸渍 渗透进内部 [18]
喷涂 附着于表面 [21]
填充 膨胀程度 [37]
环境 温湿度 断裂强力/布朗运动 [59]
PH值 布朗运动
子弹 大小 冲击区域 [2]
形状 冲击区域 [48]
速度 剪切速率 [15,60]
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