纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 198-207.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200800910

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

液体冷却服研究进展及消防应用可行性研究

王小波1, 钱晓明1(), 王立晶2, 刘永胜1, 白赫1   

  1. 1. 天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
    2. 皇家墨尔本理工大学 服装与纺织学院, 澳大利亚 墨尔本 3000
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-03 修回日期:2021-01-25 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 钱晓明
  • 作者简介:王小波(1989 —),男,博士生。主要研究方向为防护服装及服装热湿传递机制。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0309300);天津市科技计划项目(17PTSYJC00150)

Review on liquid cooling garment and its feasibility study in fire fighting

WANG Xiaobo1, QIAN Xiaoming1(), WANG Lijing2, LIU Yongsheng1, BAI He1   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
  • Received:2020-08-03 Revised:2021-01-25 Published:2021-06-15 Online:2021-06-28
  • Contact: QIAN Xiaoming

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摘要：

消防战斗服具有突出的热防护能力,但热湿舒适性差,无法及时排出人体的多余热量。为缓解消防战斗中的人体热蓄积,避免热伤害,探究了液体冷却服装服用性能的影响因素及研究进展,包括冷却管路、冷却介质、基础服装、冷却系统的智能控制和区域个性化冷却;在评估消防战斗环境、分析人体热平衡特点和总结现行消防冷却策略的基础上,结合液体冷却系统和消防战斗服的各自特点,分析了液体冷却系统嵌入消防战斗服的可行性,并探讨其未来发展趋势。认为液体冷却系统和消防战斗服具有良好的契合性,并指出提升冷却能力、发展智能控制、开发特适性硬件和优化冷却回路是其未来的发展方向。

关键词: 液体冷却服装, 液体冷却消防服, 智能消防服, 消防冷却策略, 衣下微环境管理

Abstract:

Fire fighting suit has outstanding thermal protection ability, but the poor thermal and wet conductivity hinders the timely discharge of the excessive heat from the human body. Aimed at the alleviation of human heat accumulation in fire fighting and avoid heat damage, this paper reviewed on the influencing factors and research progress in the wearability of liquid cooling garment, including the cooling pipes, cooling medium, basic clothing, intelligent control of cooling system and regional cooling. On the basis of evaluating the fire fighting environment, the characteristics of human thermal balance was analyzed and summarizing the current fire fighting cooling strategies, combined with the respective characteristics of liquid cooling system and fire fighting suits were summarized. The feasibility of liquid cooling system embeded into fire fighting suit was analyzed, and its development trend discussed. The paper recognized that the liquid cooling system and the fire fighting suits have good compatibility. it was suggested that the improvement of cooling capacity, development of intelligent control, development of special hardware and optimization of cooling loop would be the future development directions.

Key words: liquid cooling garment, liquid cooling firefighter protective clothing, intelligent firefighter protective clothing, cooling strategy in firefighting, micro-environment management under clothing

中图分类号: 

  • TS101

图1

LCG的基本结构"

表1

LCG中的冷却回路参数"

参考文献
编号 		总长
度/m 		覆盖
率/% 		内径/
mm 		外径/
mm 		头部和颈部
占比/% 		手臂占
比/% 		躯干占
比/% 		腿部占
比/%
[8] 60 29.4 26.9 43.8
[9] 60 26.2 25.6 48.2
[10] 120 22 1.6 3.2 29.5 20.5 24.5 25.6
[11] 40 13 4.0 6.0
[12] 50 17 4.0 6.0
[13] 25 20 30 25
[14] 2.4 4.0 9.6 18.2 33 39.3
[15] 80 22 3.0 5.0 4.5 16.7 20 36.8
[16] 60 11 25 25 50
[17] 91 16 1.6 3.2
[18] 106 19 1.6 3.2 18.9 22.6 58.5
[19] 6.23 2.4 4 100
[20] 17 2 4
[21] 14.3~31.4 100

表2

冷却介质参数及其冷却效率"

参考文献编号 介质 环境温度和
相对湿度 		入口温度/℃ 出口温度/℃ 流量/(L·min-1) 冷却效率/W
[12] 水 30 ℃, — 13.2 17.1 1.65 446
[14] 水 23 ℃, 60% 16 68~265
[17] 水 35 ℃, 40% 16~30 1.8 0~300
[18] 水 躯干:19~32 1.5 10~70
35 ℃, 40% 手臂:17~32 10~65
腿部:8~29 30~340
[19] 水 (24±1) ℃, (24±2)% 10 0.143 81
[28] 水 30 ℃, 40% 根据需要调节 3.8 0~300
[21] 水 35 ℃, 30% 7~10 0.25~0.75 220~284

表3

消防战斗热环境危险等级分类"

热暴露等级 救援场景 环境温度/℃ 热通量/(kW·m-2) 作业时间/min 战斗特点
常规热环境 消防员打开消防栓,并在一定距离外进行消防战斗 60~100 0.83~1.67 10~30 大多数的消防战斗环境
危险热环境 消防员在一个燃烧的建筑外进行消防战斗 120~300 2~12.5 1~10 短时间的消防战斗
紧急热环境 消防员进入一个燃烧的建筑物进行消防救援工作 300~1 200 12~200 0.08~0.33 需要特殊的防护装备
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