表层静电植入与贴伏石墨烯的湿敏聚氨酯纤维制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20200605808

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为制备性能优良、环保且适合编织的湿敏纤维,采用表层静电植入法,在静电场中将石墨烯快速植入熔融状态的聚氨酯纤维表层,经快速辊压贴伏制备出类羊毛鳞片状、湿度敏感的聚氨酯湿敏纤维。通过对纤维的制备工艺进行优化,同时对纤维的结构和性能进行分析。结果表明:聚氨酯湿敏纤维的最佳制备工艺为电极板接收距离为15 cm,电压为45 kV,温度为50 ℃,植入时间为15 s;当石墨烯质量分数为4.1%时,湿敏纤维的电导率为7.0 S/m, 断裂强度为94.9 MPa,断裂伸长率91.5%;该湿敏纤维具有良好的湿度敏感稳定性,在高湿环境下具有良好的电阻敏感性,在低湿下具有更短的响应时间(16 s)和恢复时间(26 s);该湿敏纤维在腐蚀性气体环境和柔性智能电子纺织品上具有广泛的应用潜力。

关键词: 石墨烯, 聚氨酯纤维, 湿敏纤维, 静电植入, 湿度传感, 智能纺织品

Abstract:

In order to achieve good performance, eco-friendliness and suitability for weaving humidity sensitive fiber, surface electrostatic implantation method was adopted in this research. Pieces of graphene were accelerated in electrostatic field and implanted rapidly onto the surface of melting polyurethane fiber, adhesion of graphene on the fiber surface was achieved after rapid roll pressing, leading to a wool scale-like fiber surface. The preparation process of the fiber was optimized, and the structure and properties of the fiber were characterized. The optimal process was found to be electrode plate distance 15 cm, preparation voltage 45 kV, preparation temperature 50 ℃, and the implantation time 15 s. Research results show that when the graphene content is 4.1%, the conductivity is 7.0 S/m, the breaking strength and elongation at break are 94.9 MPa and 91.5%, respectively, that the humidity sensitive fiber has good sensitive stability, and good humidity sensitivity in high humidity environment, and that response time and the recovery time in low humidity environment are only 16 s and 26 s respectively. The humidity sensitive fiber could be widely applied in corrosive gas environment and flexible intelligent electronic textiles.

Key words: graphene, polyurethane fiber, humidity sensitive fiber, electrostatic implanted, humidity sensing, intelligent textile

梁家豪, 巫莹柱, 刘海东, 黄美林, 蔡瑞燕, 周俊俭, 谢权沛. 表层静电植入与贴伏石墨烯的湿敏聚氨酯纤维制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(06): 63-70.

LIANG Jiahao, WU Yingzhu, LIU Haidong, HUANG Meilin, CAI Ruiyan, ZHOU Junjian, XIE Quanpei. Preparation and properties of humidity-sensitive polyurethane fibers with surface electrostatic implantation and adhesion of grapheme[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(06): 63-70.

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试验编号	A	B	C			石墨烯植入量/%
试验编号	1	2	3	4	5	石墨烯植入量/%
1#	1	1	1	1	1	1.08
2#	2	1	2	2	2	2.33
3#	3	1	3	3	3	3.51
4#	4	1	4	4	4	3.90
5#	1	2	2	3	4	2.73
6#	2	2	1	4	3	1.16
7#	3	2	4	1	2	4.00
8#	4	2	3	2	1	4.03
9#	1	3	3	4	2	4.06
10#	2	3	4	3	1	4.28
11#	3	3	1	2	4	1.74
12#	4	3	2	1	3	3.28
13#	1	4	4	2	3	4.38
14#	2	4	3	1	4	4.18
15#	3	4	2	4	1	3.52
16#	4	4	1	3	2	2.76
K_1j	12.25	10.82	6.74	12.54	12.91
K_2j	11.95	11.92	11.86	12.48	13.15
K_3j	12.77	13.36	15.78	13.28	12.33
K_4j	13.97	14.84	16.56	12.64	12.55
D_j	0.505	1.005	2.455	0.200	0.205

方差来源	自由度	均方和值	F值	显著性
A	3	0.59	2.95	—
B	3	2.29	11.45	*
C	3	15.15	75.75	*
e	6	0.20	—	—

电导率/(S·m^-1)	石墨烯植入量/%	来源
小于4.3×10^-4	4	自制物理共混对照样
5.7×10^-4	5	文献[14]
0.36	20	文献[5]
1.77	25	文献[15]
7.0	4.1	本文工作

传感器类型	响应时间/s	恢复时间/s	相对湿度测量范围/%	来源
GR/PPy薄膜	12	53	33~90	[16]
RGO薄膜	28	48	10~90	[17]
GO薄膜	45	24	11~90	[18]
石墨烯湿敏纤维	60	38	0~97	本文工作