纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 180-187.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200907708

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

航天器用高性能纤维编织绳索研究进展

丁许1,2, 孙颖1,2(), 罗敏3, 王兴泽3, 陈利1,2, 陈光伟1,2   

  1. 1.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
    2.天津工业大学 先进纺织复合材料教育部重点实验室, 天津 300387
    3.北京空间飞行器总体设计部, 北京 100094
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-29 修回日期:2021-08-23 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 孙颖
  • 作者简介:丁许(1992—),男,博士生。主要研究方向为高性能编织材料力学性能。

Research progress in braided cordage made from high-performance fibers for spacecraft applications

DING Xu1,2, SUN Ying1,2(), LUO Min3, WANG Xingze3, CHEN Li1,2, CHEN Guangwei1,2   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    3. Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
  • Received:2020-09-29 Revised:2021-08-23 Published:2021-12-15 Online:2021-12-29
  • Contact: SUN Ying

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摘要：

针对空间系绳、桁架式网状可展开天线、热刀压紧释放装置等航天器结构轻量化场景对高性能纤维编织绳索的应用需求,介绍了航天航空工业中常用高性能有机纤维的性能特点,编织绳索的几何结构类型以及在航天器结构中的应用现状。分析了编织绳索在航天器结构中应用存在的主要问题,认为编织绳索的蠕变和应力松弛性能是影响航天器长期服役过程中结构稳定性的关键因素;重点阐述了纤维材料、环境条件、载荷水平等因素对编织绳索蠕变和应力松弛性能的影响;最后指出当前研究中仍存在的一些关键问题,并针对这些问题提出研究建议,期望为航空航天用高性能、高稳定性、可调可控编织绳索的研制提供参考。

关键词: 航天器, 热刀压紧释放装置, 编织绳索, 蠕变, 应力松弛

Abstract:

According to the application requirements of braided cordages mode from high-performance fibers in the lightweight scenes of spacecraft structures, such as space tether, truss mesh deployable antenna, thermal knife holding and releasing device. The performance of high-performance organic fibers used in the aerospace industry, braided structures and applications of cordage in spacecraft structures were reviewed. The main problems existing in the application of braided cordages in spacecraft structures were analyzed and the creep and stress relaxation properties of braided cordages are the key factors affecting the structural stability of spacecraft during long-term service. Then, the effects of materials, environmental conditions, and load levels on the creep and stress relaxation behavior of braided cordages were introduced. Finally, some problems existed in the current researches were pointed out, and the future research directions were proposed in view of these problems. It is expected that this work would provide a reference for the development of high-performance, high-stability, adjustable and controllable braided cordages for aerospace applications.

Key words: spacecraft, thermal knife holding and releasing device, braided cordage, creep, stress relaxation

中图分类号: 

  • TS106.5

表1

高性能纤维性能参数"

纤维及牌号 生产商 密度/
(g·cm-3)		 比强度/
(cN·tex-1)		 比模量/
(cN·tex-1)		 长期使用最
高温度/℃		 熔点/
℃		 公定回潮
率/%		 耐辐射
性能		 参考
文献
芳纶(Kevlar®49) 美国DuPont公司 1.44 208 4 900 149~177 560 3.5 良
芳纶(泰普龙®529S) 烟台泰和新材料
股份有限公司		 1.44 216 6 255 113~134 >500 3.5 良
聚芳酯(Vectran®HT 560) 日本Kuraray公司 1.40 229 5 300 < 100 330 < 0.1 良 [18]
超高分子量聚乙烯
(Dyneema®SK 78)		 荷兰DSM集团 0.97 370 11 900 < 70 150 < 1.0 优 [19]
超高分子量聚乙烯
(DOYENTRONTEX®)		 北京同益中新材料
科技股份有限公司		 0.97 360 12 500 — — < 0.1 优 [20]
聚酰亚胺(P84) 德国Evonik公司 1.41 38 1 455 250 315 < 1.0 优 [21]
聚酰亚胺(S35) 江苏先诺新材料
有限公司		 1.44 236 6 250 < 350 320 < 1.0 优 [22]

图1

编织绳索纱线运动路径和基本结构"

表2

空间系绳实验任务"

任务名称 年份 纤维材料 系绳长
度/km		 系绳直
径/mm
TSS-1[30,31] 1992 Nomex®、Kevlar®、铜线 20 2.54
SEDS-1[32] 1993 Spectra® 20 0.78
SEDS-2[33] 1994 Spectra® 20 0.78
TiPS[34] 1996 Spectra®、丙烯酸 4 2
ProSEDS[35,36] 2003 Dyneema®、Kevlar®、铝线 15 0.8~1.6
STARS-II[37] 2014 Kevlar®、铝线 0.35 —
STARS-C[38] 2016 Kevlar® 0.1 0.4
STARS-Me[38] 2018 Kevlar® 2 < 1

图2

天线索网结构变形"

图3

热刀压紧释放装置"

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