纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (01): 131-140.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210909010

• 染整与化学品 • 上一篇    下一篇

面向减污降碳目标的纺织工业环境治理发展趋势

唐政坤1,2, 刘艳缤3, 徐晨烨1,2, 刘艳彪1,2, 沈忱思1,2, 李方1,2(), 王华平4   

  1. 1.东华大学 环境科学与工程学院, 上海 201620
    2.东华大学 国家环境保护部纺织工业污染防治工程技术中心, 上海 201620
    3.上海海洋大学 爱恩学院, 上海 201306
    4.东华大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-26 修回日期:2021-11-04 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 李方
  • 作者简介:唐政坤(1991—),男,博士生。主要研究方向为水污染控制工程。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFE0201400)

Trend of environmental governance in textile industry aiming at carbon neutrality and emission reduction

TANG Zhengkun1,2, LIU Yanbin3, XU Chenye1,2, LIU Yanbiao1,2, SHEN Chensi1,2, LI Fang1,2(), WANG Huaping4   

  1. 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry,Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    3. AIEN Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
    4. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2021-09-26 Revised:2021-11-04 Published:2022-01-15 Online:2022-01-28
  • Contact: LI Fang

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摘要：

针对全球正面临着化石能源趋紧、温室气体排放过剩的问题,减污降碳要求已经迫在眉睫,作为支柱产业之一,纺织工业的低碳绿色发展对工业领域实现双碳目标有重要意义。首先,从全产业链分析了中国纺织工业产生能耗和排污的环节,剖析了纺织品从原料加工、染整加工以及成品加工过程中碳排放的主要环节和降碳潜力,然后对推动降碳的污染治理和资源回收利用前沿技术进行了归纳,最后,根据绍兴市柯桥区纺织产业集群地滨海工业园的先进案例从环境管理层面剖析了产业聚集化对行业减碳的促进作用。指出未来纺织工业减污降碳的发展目标需要从制度、技术和管理3个层面共同落实才能实现。

关键词: 纺织工业, 碳中和, 减污, 资源回收, 管理制度, 纺织产业集群

Abstract:

In the face of global fossil energy tightening, excess greenhouse gas emissions and severe water pollution control situation, reducing pollution and carbon emission is extremely urgent. As a traditional pillar industry in China, the development of textile industry constitutes as an important route for achieving the low-carbon green industry. In this review, this paper firstly analyzed the units of energy consumption and pollution emissions from the whole production chains. The main links of carbon emission and potentials for carbon reduction in the process of textile raw material, dyeing and finishing and finished product were dissected in details, and the cutting-edge technologies for the carbon reduction pollution control and resource recycling were summarized. Finally, based on exemplar case of Binhai Industrial Park in textile industry cluster in Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, the positive effect of industrial agglomeration on industrial carbon reduction was discussed from the perspective of environmental management. The future goals of pollution control and carbon reduction can only be achieved by the improvements in system, technology and management.

Key words: textile industry, carbon neutralization, pollution reduction, resource recovery, management system, textile industry cluster

中图分类号: 

  • TS195

表1

化纤原料生产的能耗和排污情况"

产品
名称		 能源消耗量 污染物产生量
新鲜
水/t		 原料/
kg		 综合能耗
标准煤/kg		 废水/
m3		 COD产生
量/kg		 废气/
kg
氨纶 20.0 1 100.0 1 750 12.0 16.00 8
锦纶
高强丝		 2.8 1.0 280 1.2 0.80 —
锦纶
切片		 3.6 1.0 180 0.9 2.25 —
短纤维 2.2 1 025.0 215 1.6 2.30 —

表2

加工天然纤维的能耗和排污情况"

产品
名称		 工序 能源消耗量 污染物产生量
用电量/
(kW·h)		 综合能耗
标准煤/kg		 废水/
m3		 COD产生
量[10]/kg
毛纤维[6] 洗毛 500 610 44 181.3
碳化 7.3
蚕丝[7,8] 缫丝 — 14 607 750 210.5
绢丝加工 9 918.5
麻纤维[9] 亚麻脱胶 — 670 272 189.8
苎麻脱胶 319.8

表3

染整环节中的主要产品的能耗和排污情况"

产品名称 加工原料 能源消耗量 污染物产生量
新鲜水/t 电/(kW·h) 综合能耗标准煤/kg 废水/m3 COD产生量/kg
机织物 棉织物 1.8 35 37 1.5 4.8
合成纤维织物 1.6 40 42 1.3 3.2
混纺织物 2.4 47 45 2.2 7.4
针织物 棉织物 90.0 1 200 1 200 87.0 69.6
合成纤维织物 80.0 1 300 1 300 78.0 74.1
混纺织物 120.0 1 400 1 600 117.0 111.2
毛织物 散纤维、毛纱 130.0 1 500 1 400 110.0 143
精梳毛织物 20.0 210 138 17.0 22.1
粗梳毛织物 23.0 280 193 20.0 26.0
丝织物 — 3.0 28 40 2.7 3.0
纱线染色 棉 90.0 1 000 1 050 79.0 76.6
合成纤维 80.0 1 400 1 470 70.4 56.3

表4

类芬顿技术处理印染废水的效果"

反应体系 最佳反应条件 脱色
率/%
pH值 H2O2用量/
(mL·L-1)		 催化剂添加
量/(g·L-1)
负载Bi改性硫铁矿[12] 3.0 0.05 2 000 90.1
磁性Na-P型沸石[13] 3.2 0.05 4 000 96.2
生物炭/H2 O 2 [ 14 ] 3.0 0.1 90 99.99

表5

臭氧催化氧化技术处理印染废水的效果"

工艺 最佳反应条件 COD
去除率/%
催化剂添加量/
(g·L-1)		 pH值
催化臭氧氧化
(MnFe2O4/CA)[15]		 1.00 — 75
臭氧氧化[16] — 13.0 62
催化臭氧氧化
(C-MgO-EMP)[17]		 0.23 4.3 93

表6

电化学技术处理印染废水的效果"

材质 最佳反应条件 最佳效果
聚苯胺-碳纳米管 (阳极)[21,22] 2.5 kW/m3 通量恢复:84.1% (<0.2 s),93.0% (20 min)
碳纳米管/氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺 (阳极)[23] 6.0 W/m3 通量恢复: 96.0% (12 h)
亚氧化钛(阳极)[24] 8.0 mA/cm2 亚甲基蓝去除率99.6%(105 min)
Ni掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb(阳极)[25] 20 mA/cm2 COD去除率100%(30 min)

表7

光催化技术处理印染废水的效果"

光催化材料 改性方法 最佳反应条件 最佳效果
催化剂添加量/(g·L-1) 光源
Fe2+-TiO2 元素掺杂 0.04 14 W紫外光 甲基蓝降解率为99%(180 min)[28]
Pt-TiO2 元素掺杂 1.00 300~500 nm紫外可见光 罗丹明B降解率为99%(90 min)[29]
g-C3N4/TiO2 半导体复合 0.50 300~500 nm紫外可见光 亚甲基蓝降解率为99.64%(180 min)[30]
MB-Cu-MOF 元素掺杂 0.25 300 W氙灯模拟可见光 活性深蓝K-R降解率为88.4%[31]
TiO2/BaSb2O6 半导体复合 1.00 150 W氙灯模拟紫外可见光 罗丹明B的降解率为94.46%(100 min)[32]

表8

不同工艺处理纺织废气的效果"

工艺 技术 最佳反应条件 VOC去除能力
吸附 微介孔活性炭 温度为298 K 对苯、甲醇、正己烷和环己烷的吸附能力分别为1 846、1 777、1 510、1 766 mg/g[34]
吸收 四烷基季胺氨基酸离子液体 60%(MEDA)与([N2222][L-Ala])的质量比为1:0.2 对CO2的吸收量最高值为0.41 mol/mol[35]
生物法 生物滤池 温度在20~30 ℃之间,相对湿度在41%~80%之间,空床停留时间为59 s VOCs去除率达90%左右[36]

表9

不同废旧纺织品中聚酯纤维分离与再生技术"

废旧纺织品种类 工艺 回收效果
棉/PET混纺织物 [DBNH][OAC]溶剂+干式喷气湿法纺丝 再生PET组分纤维素含量低(1.7~2.5%)[38]
聚酯类废旧纺织品 熔融直接纺丝 再生聚酯短纤维符合FZ/T 52010—2014[40]
涤纶织物 乙二醇醇解法+皮芯复合纺丝 再生纤维符合FZ/T 52010—2014《再生涤纶短纤维》[39]
水热法 聚酰胺树脂的实际回收率为84.95%[41]
聚酯纤维织物 热熔法 再生材料主成分未改变,性能有一定程度降低[42]

图1

棉织物印染废水综合处理中染盐分离回收工艺路线"

表10

不同膜分离技术在印染废水回用中的应用"

废水来源 工艺 回用率/% 单位废水处理
成本/(元·t-1)
好氧池出水 MBR+反渗透[46] 60 2.300
二沉池出水 超滤+反渗透[47] 70 3.305
水解酸化池出水 MBR+反渗透[48] 70 2.410
二沉池出水 超滤+反渗透[49] 70 2.500

表11

不同废气余热回收技术在纺织印染企业中的应用"

余热回收技术 经济效益 环境效益
“气-气”换热技术 总体经济效益为39.27万元/a 节约标煤401.40 t/a[53]
螺线管式换热器 节约18万元/a 节约标煤241.92 t/a[54]
热管式余热蒸汽发生器 实现直接经济效益837.4万元/a 节约标煤1.15万t/a[55]
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