废旧纺织品资源化循环利用研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210901510

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现纺织废弃物的循环再利用,促进纺织产业链闭环系统的构建,基于现有研究成果,对当前废旧纺织品的回收框架进行总结,对资源化循环利用方法进行综述,主要包括初级回收、物理回收以及化学回收,并分析了各回收工艺的优缺点;阐述了纤维素纤维、聚酯纤维、蛋白质纤维等纤维及其典型混纺织物的回收处理工艺研究进展,介绍了基于废旧纺织品的功能性材料的制备方法,以及其用于隔声材料、泡沫材料、太阳能蒸发和电容材料等领域的研发进展。最后指出,废旧纺织品的综合评估系统是解决资源化循环利用提速、提质,并实现工业化规模生产的关键。

关键词: 废旧纺织品, 再生纤维, 回收框架, 化学回收工艺, 混纺织物回收处理

Abstract:

With aim to achieve the recycling of waste textiles and promote the construction of closed-loop system of textile industry chain, the conventional recycling framework of waste textiles was summarized based on the existing achievements. The resource recycling methods including primary recycling, physical recycling and chemical recycling were examined, and the advantages and disadvantages of each recovery process were discussed. At the same time, the research progress in the recycling process of single component fiber such as cellulose fiber, polyester fiber, protein fiber, and the typical blended textiles were described. Furthermore, the research progress in the preparation of functional materials based on waste textiles, and their applications in fields such as sound insulation materials, foam materials, solar evaporation and capacitive materials were introduced. Finally, the review pointed out that the comprehensive evaluation system of waste textiles is the key to increase speed and improve quality of resource recycling and to achieve industrial production.

Key words: waste textiles, regenerated fiber, recycling framework, chemical recycling technology, recycling of blended textiles

中图分类号:

TS199

韩非, 郎晨宏, 邱夷平. 废旧纺织品资源化循环利用研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(01): 96-105.

HAN Fei, LANG Chenhong, QIU Yiping. Research progress in resource recycling based on waste textiles[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(01): 96-105.

图/表 2

图1

表1

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回收工艺		优点	缺点	参考文献
初级回收		操作简单,成本低	适用范围小
物理回收	机械处理	操作简单,使用范围广	不适用于材料价值高及需精细分离的废旧纺织品	[3-5]
	物理熔融	再生纤维符合原纤品质	再生纤维各项性能存在不同程度的损失,会产生有毒有害副产物	[8]
	物理溶解	再生纤维品质高	溶剂的回收率影响工业化生产	[9-10]
化学回收		可去除大部分杂质,再生制品品质较高	工艺条件高,成本高	[12]