纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (06): 197-205.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210401509

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗菌功能纺织品的研究进展

南清清1, 曾庆红1, 袁竟轩1, 王晓沁1,2, 郑兆柱1,2, 李刚1,2,3()   

  1. 1.苏州大学 纺织与服装工程学院, 江苏 苏州 215000
    2.苏州大学 现代丝绸国家工程实验室,江苏 苏州 215123
    3.南通纺织丝绸技术研究院, 江苏 南通 226300
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-06 修回日期:2022-03-17 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2022-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 李刚
  • 作者简介:南清清(1998—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为抗菌纺织品。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0111100);中国纺织工业联合会应用基础研究项目(J202002);江苏省第十五批“六大人才高峰”高层次人才项目(GDZB-035);国家先进功能纤维创新中心科研攻关项目(2021FX010104);江苏省先进纺织工程技术中心创新项目(XJFZ/2021/7)

Advances on antibacterial textiles

NAN Qingqing1, ZENG Qinghong1, YUAN Jingxuan1, WANG Xiaoqin1,2, ZHENG Zhaozhu1,2, LI Gang1,2,3()   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
    2. National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
    3. Nantong Textile & Silk Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nantong, Jiangsu 226300, China
  • Received:2021-04-06 Revised:2022-03-17 Published:2022-06-15 Online:2022-07-15
  • Contact: LI Gang

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摘要：

为了解决常见的抗菌剂容易使细菌产生耐药性、抗菌性不持久以及抗菌整理过程工序较为复杂,对织物的使用性能会产生影响等问题,系统分析了有机类、无机类和天然类抗菌剂的功能特点、纺织应用以及抗菌机制。同时,通过不同的抗菌剂在功能性纱线及其面料方面的抗菌整理实例,介绍并对比分析了用浸渍法、浸轧法和微胶囊法等不同抗菌整理方法整理织物的优缺点。最后指出:未来纺织品的抗菌功能整理将会朝着绿色环保、多功能抗菌整理剂及其整理方法,使得抗菌功能纺织品沿着加工过程更环保、开发成本更低、性能更持久和穿着更舒适的方向发展。

关键词: 抗菌剂, 抗菌整理, 功能纺织品, 舒适性, 抗菌机制

Abstract:

In order to solve problems that bacterial resistance of antimicrobial agents, the short duration of antimicrobial activity and the complexity of antibacterial finishing process, the properties of fabrics, the functional characteristics, textile applications and antimicrobial mechanism of organic, inorganic and natural antimicrobial agents were systematically reviewed. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of different antibacterial finishing methods, such as impregnation, dip rolling and microencapsulation, were introduced and compared through the various antibacterial finishing treatments for functional yarns and fabrics with different antibacterial agents. Finally, it is predicted that multi-function agents and eco-friendly antibacterial finishing technologies will be developed in the future, so that antibacterial functional textiles can be developed in the direction of eco-friendly processing, low development costs, effective performance and comfortable wearing.

Key words: antibacterial agent, antibacterial finishing, functional textiles, comfort, antibacterial mechanism

中图分类号: 

  • TS195.5

图1

季铵盐抗菌原理图"

表1

新型抗菌剂及其性能特点"

名称 性能特点 参考文献
膨润土载纳米银 解决了纳米银会聚集的缺点,而且纳米银的粒径更小,抗菌性更好,不会产生耐药性 [34]
氧化直链淀粉/姜黄素/纳米银 具有很强的抗菌活性,很好的抗氧化活性和生物相容性,细菌不会产生耐药性 [35]
基于硫杂杯芳烃的季铵化合物 解决了微生物的耐药性 [36]
棉/石墨烯量子点/纳米银 增强纳米银的抗菌性,同时不会产生耐药性,并对具有耐药性的细菌有很好的抗菌作用 [37]
壳聚糖/抗菌肽微菌素J25杂化 抗菌活性极好并且在各种热和pH值环境下有稳定的活性,微生物不会产生耐药性,安全无毒 [38]
聚乙烯亚胺交联岩藻糖 对铜假绿单胞菌具有特异性的高效抗菌活性 [39]
氧化石墨烯/氧化铁纳米颗粒/银纳米颗粒 有更高的抗菌活性和抗菌效率,具有近红外吸收活性、可以反复使用、廉价且易于制备、不会产生耐药性 [40]

图2

SiO2/Ag涂层棉/麻织物的制备工艺"

表12

用于抗菌功能纺织品不同整理方法的优缺点"

方法 优点 缺点 参考
文献
浸渍法 抗菌性能好、持久抗菌性强、对织物的柔软性影响不大 需排放污水、对环境有污染 [61]
涂层法 工艺简单、对整理织物要求低、耐洗涤性好、抑菌性好 对织物的性能有影响 [62]
浸轧法 抗菌性好、抗菌持久性好 抗菌剂对织物有良好的吸附性、影响织物性能 [63]
静电层层
自组装法		 抗菌活性持续时间长、提高了药物的储集效果和缓释效果 对织物要求低、影响织物的物理特性、耐水洗性差 [64]
微胶囊
法		 抑菌性较好、热稳定性较好 耐水洗性差 [65]
溶胶-凝
胶法		 抑菌性好、改善织物的抗皱性能 对织物的服用性能有影响 [66]
化学接
枝法		 抗菌性好、抗菌持久性强、整理后的织物的透气性和亲水性好 对接枝基团和纤维原料要求高、技术较复杂 [67]
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