纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (06): 22-28.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220103207

• 高性能纺织结构柔性材料制备及应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚酰亚胺纤维增强聚二甲基硅氧烷柔性复合膜的热力学性能

黄耀丽1, 陆诚1, 蒋金华1,2, 陈南梁1,2, 邵慧奇3()   

  1. 1.东华大学 产业用纺织品教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201620
    2.东华大学 纺织学院, 上海 201620
    3.东华大学 纺织科技创新中心, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-14 修回日期:2022-03-16 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2022-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 邵慧奇
  • 作者简介:黄耀丽(1994—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为纤维/纳米粒子增强柔性薄膜及其应用。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0303300);上海市自然科学基金项目(20ZR1401600);上海市自然科学基金项目(20ZR1400600);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2232020D-09);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2232020G-06)

Thermal mechanical properties of polyimide fiber-reinforced polydimethylsiloxane flexible film

HUANG Yaoli1, LU Cheng1, JIANG Jinhua1,2, CHEN Nanliang1,2, SHAO Huiqi3()   

  1. 1. Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    3. Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2022-01-14 Revised:2022-03-16 Published:2022-06-15 Online:2022-07-15
  • Contact: SHAO Huiqi

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摘要：

针对纤维增强柔性膜在服役过程中的热形变规律和可能出现的热力学问题,以聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维为增强体、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基体通过刮刀涂层的方法制备PI纤维增强PDMS柔性复合膜。利用热重分析仪研究了复合膜的热稳定性能,采用万能材料试验仪和热机械分析仪讨论了取向增强纤维线密度和铺层密度对复合膜力学性能和热膨胀系数的影响;采用COMSOL软件模拟分析了纤维取向增强复合膜的热膨胀变形机制。结果表明,复合膜在300 ℃时质量损失率仅为1.22%,表明其在低于300 ℃的环境中较稳定;随纤维铺层密度和线密度的增大,断裂强度和弹性模量逐渐增大;热膨胀系数逐渐降低,且均呈现负膨胀特点,这说明聚酰亚胺纤维取向增强可有效调节复合膜的尺寸稳定性。模拟与实验结果具有较好一致性,模型可用于预测优化PI纤维增强复合膜的热膨胀系数。

关键词: 聚酰亚胺纤维, 热稳定性能, 热膨胀系数, 力学性能, 有限元模拟, 复合材料, 聚二甲基硅氧烷

Abstract:

Aiming at the thermal deformation and thermodynamic problems of fiber-reinforced flexible film in service, polyimide (PI) fiber-reinforced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible composite film was prepared with polyimide fiber as reinforcement and polydimethylsiloxane as matrix by scraper coating. The thermal stability of the composite membrane was studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The universal material tester and the thermomechanical analyzer were used to discuss the influence of the linear density and laying density of the oriented reinforced fiber on the mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient of the composite film. COMSOL finite element simulation was used to analyze the thermal expansion and deformation mechanism of fiber-oriented reinforced composite membrane. The results show that the rate of mass loss is only 1.22% at 300 ℃, indicating that the thermal stability of composite membrane below 300 ℃. With the increase of fiber layer density and linear density, the breaking strength and elastic modulus gradually increase and the thermal expansion coefficient gradually decreases, and both exhibit negative expansion characteristics, indicating that the orientation enhancement of polyimide fibers can effectively influence the dimensional stability of composite membrane materials. The correlation between the simulation and the experimental results is good, indicating that the model can be used to predict and optimize the thermal expansion coefficient of PI fiber-reinforced composite membranes.

Key words: polyimide fiber, thermal stability, thermal expansion coefficiency, mechanical property, finite element simulation, composite material, polydimethylsiloxane

中图分类号: 

  • TQ343

表1

材料参数"

材料 热膨胀系数/
(μm·(m·℃)-1)		 恒压热容/
(J·(kg·K)-1)		 导热系数/
(W·(m·K)-1)		 密度/
(kg·m-3)		 弹性模量/
MPa		 泊松比
PI纤维 -2.00 1 100 0.15 1 440 20 000 0.30
PDMS 187 1 460 0.16 970 0.75 0.49

图1

PI纤维、PDMS及其复合膜的热稳定性能"

图2

PI纤维和PDMS膜及不同铺层密度的PI纤维增强膜的应力-应变曲线"

表2

PDMS膜及其不同铺层密度的纤维增强膜力学性能"

铺层密度/
(根·(10 cm)-1)		 断裂强度/
MPa		 弹性模量/
MPa
PDMS膜 2.0±0.05 0.5±0.02
30 13.73±0.26 236±5.21
50 23.07±2.70 365±1.41
70 28.24±1.89 537±6.46
90 41.02±3.14 628±3.20

图3

不同线密度的PI纤维增强膜的应力-应变曲线"

表3

不同线密度的PI纤维增强膜力学性能"

线密度/tex 断裂强度/MPa 弹性模量/MPa
6 15.92±2.50 293±1.61
11 18.81±1.44 365±1.41
22 21.25±0.37 470±6.37

表4

增强膜的热膨胀系数"

PI纤维 PDMS 不同铺展密度的纤维增强膜
30 50 70 90
-3.44±0.07 187.71±3.93 -1.66±0.25 -2.18±0.02 -5.24±0.03 -7.54±0.04

图4

140 ℃时的变形云图"

图5

边界位移变化分布 注:弧长为纤维垂直方向边界长度。"

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