棕榈纤维毡/聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)热压复合材料的吸声性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210804907

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为缓解当前我国汽车内饰用黄麻吸声复合材料产量缩减的现状,研究了棕榈纤维毡/聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)热压复合材料的吸声性能。在分析Johnson-Allard吸声模型后,研究了棕榈纤维毡与PHBV质量比、棕榈纤维毡面密度、棕榈纤维线密度、棕榈纤维毡梯度结构、多孔粉煤灰陶粒等对热压复合材料吸声系数的影响;探讨了优化工艺下棕榈纤维毡/PHBV热压复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明:当棕榈纤维毡与PHBV质量比为40∶60,棕榈纤维线密度为14.5 dtex,棕榈纤维毡梯度结构为143.3/102.5 g/m²时,制备的复合材料的平均吸声系数(200~1 600 Hz)最高,可达到0.53,添加质量分数为5%的多孔粉煤灰陶粒,可将复合材料的平均吸声系数提高到0.66,具有部分替代黄麻制备吸声复合材料的潜力。

关键词: 棕榈纤维毡, 复合材料, 梯度结构, 吸声系数, 流阻

Abstract:

In order to supplement the decreased production of jute-based acoustic composite materials for automobile interior, sound absorption properties of palm fiber felts/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) composites were studied. Following Johnson-Allard acoustic absorption model, the effects of different palm fiber felts/PHBV mass ratio, palm fiber surface density, palm fiber linear density, palm fiber gradient structure and porous pulverized coal ash aggregate on acoustic absorption were analyzed, inparalell to the investigation into the tensile properties, thermal stability properties, infrared spectrum and cross section of SEM morphology. The results show that the best mass ratio of palm fiber felt to PHBV for acoustic performance was 40∶60, the linear density of palm fiber was 14.5 dtex and the gradient structure of palm fiber mat was 143.3/102.5 g/m². The average was the highest (0.53) for frequencies between 200 and 1 600 Hz. The addition of 5% porous coal ash ceramsite could increase the acoustic composite materials to 0.66, which has the potential to partially replace jute for the making acoustic composite materials.

Key words: palm fiber felt, composite material, gradient structure, acoustic composite materials, flow resistance

中图分类号:

TS102.221

张毅, 邵利锋, 杨彬, 高金霞, 郁崇文. 棕榈纤维毡/聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)热压复合材料的吸声性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(10): 24-30.

ZHANG Yi, SHAO Lifeng, YANG Bin, GAO Jinxia, YU Chongwen. Acoustic properties of palm fiber felt/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) hot-pressed composites[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(10): 24-30.

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质量比	不同频率下复合材料的吸声系数											吸声系数平均值
质量比	125 Hz	250 Hz	375 Hz	500 Hz	600 Hz	800 Hz	1 000 Hz	1 200 Hz	1 500 Hz	1 600 Hz		吸声系数平均值
30∶70	0.09	0.15	0.19	0.26	0.34	0.43	0.48	0.52	0.55	0.57	0.36
40∶60	0.19	0.24	0.35	0.51	0.65	0.69	0.72	0.74	0.78	0.81	0.57
50∶50	0.15	0.21	0.27	0.40	0.51	0.59	0.61	0.66	0.71	0.73	0.48
60∶40	0.13	0.19	0.23	0.34	0.45	0.55	0.60	0.63	0.68	0.71	0.45

面密度/ (g·m^-2)	不同频率下复合材料的吸声系数											吸声系数平均值
面密度/ (g·m^-2)	125 Hz	250 Hz	375 Hz	500 Hz	600 Hz	800 Hz	1 000 Hz	1 200 Hz	1 500 Hz	1 600 Hz		吸声系数平均值
102.5	0.11	0.10	0.13	0.15	0.20	0.26	0.39	0.45	0.56	0.60	0.28
143.3	0.12	0.11	0.16	0.23	0.33	0.45	0.51	0.59	0.63	0.68	0.38
206.2	0.11	0.09	0.12	0.16	0.19	0.24	0.35	0.42	0.46	0.51	0.26

线密度/ dtex	不同频率下复合材料的吸声系数											吸声系数平均值
线密度/ dtex	125 Hz	250 Hz	375 Hz	500 Hz	600 Hz	800 Hz	1 000 Hz	1 200 Hz	1 500 Hz	1 600 Hz		吸声系数平均值
14.5	0.12	0.11	0.22	0.29	0.37	0.49	0.54	0.60	0.68	0.70	0.41
15.8	0.11	0.09	0.18	0.24	0.29	0.38	0.47	0.52	0.57	0.63	0.35
16.5	0.09	0.08	0.15	0.18	0.23	0.28	0.35	0.41	0.45	0.52	0.27

梯度结构 (g·m^-2)	不同频率下复合材料的吸声系数											吸声系数平均值
梯度结构 (g·m^-2)	125 Hz	250 Hz	375 Hz	500 Hz	600 Hz	800 Hz	1 000 Hz	1 200 Hz	1 500 Hz	1 600 Hz		吸声系数平均值
102.5/143.3	0.05	0.13	0.24	0.31	0.37	0.42	0.47	0.52	0.57	0.64	0.37
122.9/122.9	0.06	0.15	0.29	0.35	0.43	0.49	0.54	0.59	0.63	0.74	0.43
143.3/102.5	0.09	0.19	0.35	0.46	0.55	0.61	0.68	0.73	0.77	0.83	0.53

质量分数/%	不同频率下复合材料的吸声系数											吸声系数平均值
质量分数/%	125 Hz	250 Hz	375 Hz	500 Hz	600 Hz	800 Hz	1 000 Hz	1 200 Hz	1 500 Hz	1 600 Hz		吸声系数平均值
0	0.09	0.19	0.35	0.46	0.55	0.61	0.68	0.73	0.77	0.83	0.53
5	0.14	0.27	0.47	0.60	0.69	0.82	0.86	0.89	0.92	0.93	0.66
10	0.13	0.24	0.43	0.57	0.66	0.71	0.74	0.78	0.81	0.86	0.59