纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 77-82.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210801406

• 染整与化学品 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同醇及助剂对大麻有机溶剂脱胶效果的影响

施朝禾1,2, 秦智慧1,2, 赵树元1,2, 刘柳3(), 张瑞云1,4, 程隆棣1,2,3   

  1. 1.东华大学 纺织学院, 上海 201620
    2.东华大学 纺织面料技术教育部重点实验室, 上海 201620
    3.东华大学 纺织科技创新中心, 上海 201620
    4.上海市纺织智能制造与工程一带一路国际联合实验室, 上海 200051
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-02 修回日期:2022-07-14 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 刘柳
  • 作者简介:施朝禾(1997—),女,硕士。主要研究方向为麻类有机溶剂脱胶。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市科学技术委员会“科技创新行动计划”“一带一路”国际合作项目(21130750100)

Effects of different alcohols and additives on organic solvent degumming for hemp fibers

SHI Zhaohe1,2, QIN Zhihui1,2, ZHAO Shuyuan1,2, LIU Liu3(), ZHANG Ruiyun1,4, CHENG Longdi1,2,3   

  1. 1. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    3. Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    4. Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent, Shanghai 200051, China
  • Received:2021-08-02 Revised:2022-07-14 Published:2022-10-15 Online:2022-10-28
  • Contact: LIU Liu

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摘要：

为解决传统化学脱胶污染大、损伤纤维等弊端以及生物脱胶成本高、耗时长等问题,使用高沸点醇类有机溶剂对大麻麻皮进行脱胶处理,提高脱胶选择性,确保反应安全环保;同时针对脱胶后大麻纤维残胶率及物理力学性能不足的问题,引入碱性钠盐助剂辅助脱胶。研究了4种不同醇类(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和1,4-丁二醇)和3种不同碱性钠盐助剂(碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠及硅酸钠)对大麻麻皮脱胶效果的影响,对脱胶后纤维的各项性能进行了对比。结果表明:经乙二醇脱胶的大麻纤维性能在4种醇类中最好,木质素去除效果最佳,纤维残胶率为8.67%,断裂强度偏低,为3.92 cN/dtex;3种碱性钠盐助剂中,碳酸钠辅助乙二醇脱胶的大麻纤维残胶率为7.71%,断裂强度为4.84 cN/dtex,符合大麻精麻的国家标准。

关键词: 大麻, 脱胶, 乙二醇, 碳酸钠, 有机溶剂

Abstract:

In order to overcome the disadvantages of traditional chemical degumming, such as serious pollution and fiber damage, as well as the high cost and time-consuming biological degumming process, hemp bast was degummed with high boiling point alcohol organic solvent to improve degumming selectivity and ensure safety and environmental protection. To solve the problem of insufficient residual glue rate and physical and mechanical properties of hemp fiber after degumming, alkaline sodium salt additives were added to organic solvents to assist degumming. The effects of four different alcohols (ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol and 1,4-butanediol) and three different alkaline sodium salt (sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium silicate) additives on the degumming effect of hemp bast were studied, and the chemical and physical properties of degummed fiber were compared. The results showed that among the four alcohols, the performance of hemp fiber degummed by ethylene glycol was the best, the lignin removal effect was the best, the residual rubber rate of fiber was 8.67%, but the breaking strength was low, which was 3.92 cN/dtex. Among the three basic sodium salt additives, the residual gum rate of hemp fiber degummed by sodium carbonate assisted ethylene glycol is 7.71%, and the breaking strength is 4.84 cN/dtex, which meets the national standard of refined hemp.

Key words: hemp, degumming, ethylene glycol, sodium carbonate, organic solvent

中图分类号: 

  • TS123

图1

经不同醇脱胶处理前后的大麻纤维表面形貌SEM照片"

图2

经不同醇脱胶处理的大麻纤维的XRD曲线和结晶度"

图3

不同醇类脱胶对大麻纤维化学成分、残胶率、断裂强度及线密度的影响"

图4

不同助剂辅助大麻乙二醇脱胶纤维表面形貌照片 1#—无助剂辅助脱胶纤维;5#—碳酸钠辅助脱胶纤维;6#—碳酸氢钠辅助脱胶纤维;7#—硅酸钠辅助脱胶纤维。"

图5

不同助剂对大麻乙二醇脱胶纤维残胶率、断裂强度及线密度的影响"

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