纤维基界面光热蒸发器表面除盐的研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20220703602

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入探究具有能量转换效率高、清洁无污染的界面光热蒸发器,简要介绍了当前纤维基界面光热蒸发器表面除盐的研究进展,以及其在海水淡化与浓盐处理等领域的应用,探讨了界面蒸发过程中水分迅速逃逸导致的盐分析出抑制对光的吸收和堵塞蒸汽溢出通道的作用机制,以及产生的降低器件蒸汽产生速率及使用周期的影响。分析了基于纤维材料设计的除盐策略,包括主动式(水洗除盐与区域结晶盐收集)和被动式(自清洁设计、对流效应、定向流体传输与Janus织物设计)。最后,对纤维材料在太阳能界面蒸发器表面除盐设计所面临的挑战及未来潜在的应用前景进行总结与展望。

关键词: 纤维, 光热转换, 界面蒸发, 太阳能界面蒸发器, 除盐, 海水淡化

Abstract:

Significance Solar interfacial photothermal evaporation technology possesses the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, clean and zero-pollution, which has broad development prospects in the field of seawater desalination and concentrated salt wastewater treatment. However, the salt precipitation caused by the rapid water escape in the process of interfacial evaporation will inhibit the absorption of light and block the vapor overflow channel, which will inevitably reduce the vapor generation rate and the service life of the evaporation device. Fiber materials are one of the ideal materials for designing solar interfacial evaporator surface desalination because of their flexible mechanical strength, low cost, versatility, cutability and processability.

Progress This review covers a variety of studies on photothermal evaporation desalination at fiber-based interfaces and focuses on six desalination strategies based on the characteristics of fiber materials, which are grouped into two categories: active and passive. Washing desalination utilizes the water-washing resistance of fiber materials, the surface salt crystals are easily removed by external rubbing. In order to overcome the above-mentioned possible environmental problems, the regional crystalline salt collection strategy not only removes crystalline salt by simple stripping, but also obtains salt as a by-product and reduces the burden on water bodies. However, active desalination strategies still require external forces to remove surface salt crystals, and the sustainability and simplicity of the evaporator are significantly diminished. Therefore, research has exploited the lightness of fiber materials to produce, a easy-to-flip self-cleaning design, when its gravity changes. The current mainstream research focuses on rejecting salt production at the source. The convection effect takes advantage of the loose and porous nature of the fiber material to prepare highly hydrophilic evaporator to achieve a continuous water supply to satisfy salt ion convection. In addition, directional fluid transport with the aid of external forces can move salt ions to low concentrations, while reducing the effect of gravity on salt ion transport. Since the fiber material is easy for surface modification, it is convenient to prepare the Janus structure with the hydrophobic upper layer and hydrophilic lower layer, which can prevent salt ions from reaching the evaporator surface through water, which avoiding salt crystallization. Finally, this paper analyzes the research progress of fiber for surface desalination of interfacial photothermal evaporators, summarizes the problems confronted in the research, and prospects the new development orientation of fiber-based evaporation devices in the future.

Conclusion and Prospect Fiber-based evaporation devices generally provide promising development applications for solar interface evaporation and desalination designs because of their high evaporation efficiency, sustained treatment of highly concentrated salt solutions, excellent stability and recyclability, and applicability to long-term desalination work. However, the evaporation rate of fiber-based evaporators still needs to be improved when treating saturated brine. In addition, there are still limitations such as easy clogging and difficult removal when treating other contaminants in the bulk water. In conclusion, fiber-based evaporation devices are still immature and full of technical difficulties and multiple challenges. This paper presents some suggestions from the following aspects: 1) to enhance the exploration of multifunctional composite fibers for more application potential in desalination, power generation, sterilization, and impurity removal; and 2) utilizing modern textile technology to design new fibers such as multifunctional hollow fibers, core-sheath structure fibers, shaped fibers, and three-dimensional knitted/woven fabrics to obtain special functions and enhance the vapor generation rate.

Key words: fiber, photothermal conversion, interfacial evaporation, solar interfacial evaporator, salt removal, seawater desalination

中图分类号:

TS101.8

潘露琪, 任李培, 肖杏芳, 徐卫林, 张骞. 纤维基界面光热蒸发器表面除盐的研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(11): 225-231.

PAN Luqi, REN Lipei, XIAO Xingfang, XU Weilin, ZHANG Qian. Research progress on salt removal from surface of fiber-based interfacial photothermal evaporators[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(11): 225-231.

图/表 2

图1

表1

纤维材料用于界面光热除盐设计的部分工作总结"

材料	除盐策略	NaCl质量分数/%	蒸发速率	蒸发效率/ %	稳定性	参考文献
碳纳米管嵌入聚丙烯腈非织造布	水洗除盐	21	1.44 kg/(m²·h)	81	15次	[18]
碳纤维基三维锥形蒸发器	水洗除盐	10	3.27 kg/(m²·h)	194.4	10次	[36]
静电纺丝锦纶/碳布	水洗除盐	3.5	1.24 kg/(m²·h)	83	100次	[19]
酚醛树脂/SiO₂涂覆玻璃纤维	区域结晶盐收集	25	1.26 kg/(m²·h)	96.7	120 h	[21]
亲水MXene装饰蜂窝状织物	区域结晶盐收集	21	1.62 kg/(m²·h)	93.5	25次	[22]
碳涂层织物伞形蒸发器	区域结晶盐收集	20	2.9 kg/(m²·h)	—	4 d	[37]
聚乙烯醇织物包裹膨胀聚乙烯泡沫	自清洁设计	30	1.41 kg/(m²·h)	88.5	30 d	[24]
活性炭双层纤维织物	对流效应	3.5	1.59 kg/(m²·h)	93.3	12 h	[38]
活性炭棉织物	对流效应	3.5	1.95 kg/(m²·h)	116	10次	[39]
静电纺丝多孔聚氨酯织物	对流效应	20	2.2 kg/(m²·h)	93.5	—	[40]
静电纺丝SiO₂纳米纤维气凝胶	对流效应	20	1.5 kg/(m²·h)	—	20次	[41]
芳纶织物上侧静电植绒	对流效应	3.5	1.32 kg/(m²·h)	66.3	10 d	[42]
碳纤维束穿孔木材	对流效应	3.5	1.7 kg/(m²·h)	94.6	—	[43]
碳纤维-棉混合织物	对流效应	15	1.87 kg/(m²·h)	83.7	5次	[26]
三明治结构纤维素织物蒸发器	对流效应	3.5	2.5 L/(m²·d)	56±2.5	7 d	[25]
静电纺丝石墨烯/玻璃纤维	对流效应	20	1.25 kg/(m²·h)	82	5 d	[44]
棉织物涂覆还原氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钠	对流效应	3.5	7.6 kg/(m²·h)	178.6	40次	[45]
聚多巴胺修饰棉线	对流效应	3.5	1.12 kg/(m²·h)	88.8	10次	[46]
还原氧化石墨烯/棉织物	对流效应	饱和溶液	1.47 kg/(m²·h)	—	16次	[47]
纳米薄片阵列碳布	定向流体传输	25.05	1.63 kg/(m²·h)	91	50次	[28]
聚丙烯腈/硫化铜织物	定向流体传输	21	2.27 kg/(m²·h)	90.2	100 h	[30]
聚苯胺纳米棒涂覆棉织物	定向流体传输	21	1.94 kg/(m²·h)	89.9	48 h	[29]
静电纺丝聚丙烯腈Janus	Janus织物设计	20	1.3 kg/(m²·h)	72	16 d	[32]
疏水烟灰沉积亲水棉织物	Janus织物设计	20	1.375 kg/(m²·h)	86.3	100 h	[48]
Janus纤维垫结构的悬浮式蒸发器	Janus织物设计	3.5	1.94 kg/(m²·h)	92.7	100 h	[33]
静电纺丝碳纳米管聚丙烯腈非织造布	Janus织物设计	20	1.43 kg/(m²·h)	87.5	50次	[49]
静电纺丝炭黑/聚氨酯-碳纳米管海绵	Janus织物设计	25	1.8 kg/(m²·h)	97.2	60 h	[50]

表1

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