阻燃腈纶/酚醛树脂纤维织物的制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20220900301

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决酚醛树脂纤维因强力低、纯纺难度大等限制其在服用领域发展的问题,以20∶80、40∶60、60∶40和80∶20的4种比例将酚醛树脂纤维与阻燃腈纶混纺,以平纹组织结构进行织物的开发与制备,并表征织物的阻燃性能及服用性能。结果表明:所开发的4种混纺比例织物的损毁长度均小于10 cm,无阴燃和熔融滴落现象;随着酚醛树脂纤维比例的增加,织物续燃时间逐渐减少,拉伸断裂强力逐渐下降,透气性能逐渐降低;且混纺比为40∶60、60∶40和80∶20的酚醛树脂纤维与阻燃腈纶混纺织物的热阻、导湿性和耐磨性并无显著性差异;酚醛树脂纤维与阻燃腈纶混纺比为40∶60和60∶40织物满足阻燃纺织品的需求,且服用性能好,制备的织物可为后续开发酚醛树脂服用产品提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 酚醛树脂, 阻燃腈纶, 混纺织物, 服用性能, 阻燃纺织品

Abstract:

Objective Phenolic resin fiber has attracted extensive attention owing to its unique flame retardant properties. However, the difficulty in spinning limits the garment applications of phenolic resin fibers due to low fiber strength. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel method of blending phenolic resin fiber and flame-retardant acrylic fiber and exploring their feasibility in garment.

Methods During spinning process, the ratio of phenolic resin fiber and flame retardant acrylic fiber were set to 20∶80, 40∶60, 60∶40 and 80∶20, respectively. Then, the blended yarns were weaved into fabrics with plain weave structure, and their structure, flame retardant, mechanical properties, wear resistance, thermal and wet comfort properties of the fabric were characterized according to national standards.

Results With the increased of the phenolic resin fiber from 20% to 80%, the fabric exhibited yellow, from light to deep, because the natural color of the phenolic resin fiber is golden yellow, while that of acrylic fiber is white. Notably, the thickness and surface density were gradually increased, as the content of phenolic resin fiber in fabric increased. According to GB/T 5455—2014 "Textiles-Burning behaviour-Determination of damaged length, afterglow time and afterflame time of vertically oriented specimens", the damaged length of blended fabrics should be less than 10 cm, and no afterglow and melt dripping phenomenon should occur. Although, with the increase of phenolic resin fiber, the afterflame time and damaged length of the fabric gradually decreased, but it still meet the standard requirements of flame retardant fabrics.

With the increase of phenolic resin fiber content in the samples, the breaking strength and the work of fracture of the four fabrics were gradually decreased due to the low breaking strength of the phenolic resin fiber, but the breaking elongation remained unchanged. The thermal and wet comfort properties of the fabrics were also studied and the results were summarized. As the content of phenolic resin fiber increased from 20% to 40%, the thermal insulation effect of the fabrics gradually enhanced. However, there was no significant change in thermal insulation as the content of phenolic resin fiber further increased to 60% and 80%. With the increase of phenolic resin fiber proportion, the moisture absorption rate gradually enhanced, and the permeability of the samples demonstrated a decrease and then an increase. The fabrics with the content of the phenolic resin fiber at 40% and 60%, had the same moisture conductivity. The pilling grades of four fabrics were 1.5, 3, 3.5 and 4, suggesting increased wear resistance of the fabrics with the increasing content of phenolic resin fiber.

Conclusion Phenolic resin fiber based yarns via blending with flame retardant acrylic fiber were prepared, and 4 types of yarns with different content of phenolic resin fiber were woven with plain weave structure. Their mechanical properties, flame retardant and thermal and wet comfort properties were carefully investigated. The results suggested that all types of blending spinning yarn based fabrics meet the acquirement of flame retardant, mechanical and air permeability. Besides, the fabrics with the content of phenolic resin fiber at 40% and 60% could reach the needs of flame retardant textiles and have good wear performance. Our blending spinning strategy will provide reference for the development of phenolic resin based wearable products.

Key words: phenolic resin, flame-retardant acrylic, blended fabric, wearability, flame-retardant textile

中图分类号:

TS102

丁倩, 吴俊霖, 江慧, 汪军. 阻燃腈纶/酚醛树脂纤维织物的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(04): 83-88.

DING Qian, WU Junlin, JIANG Hui, WANG Jun. Preparation and properties of flame-retardant acrylic/phenolic resin fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(04): 83-88.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20220900301

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I04/83

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原料	长度/ mm	线密度/ dtex	断裂强度/(cN· dtex^-1)	断裂伸长率/%	回潮率/ %	体积比电阻/ (Ω·cm)	极限氧指数/%
酚醛树脂纤维	38	3.7	1.94	3.3	3.6	1.0×10⁹	34
阻燃腈纶	38	4.1	4.61	22.1	3.9	1.0×10⁹	33

试样编号	密度/(根·(10 cm)^-1)		厚度/ mm	面密度/ (g·m^-2)
试样编号	经密	纬密	厚度/ mm	面密度/ (g·m^-2)
1^#	180	150	0.71	139.62
2^#	260	150	0.75	145.94
3^#	190	150	0.86	153.29
4^#	180	150	0.94	161.30

试样编号	损毁长度/cm	续燃时间/s
1^#	8.5	6.1	燃烧无收缩、熔融、熔滴现象,燃烧后织物炭化
2^#	5.5	5.1
3^#	5.0	4.3
4^#	1.2	1.2

试样编号	断裂强力/N	断裂伸长/mm	断裂功/J
1^#	264.6	11.21	1.79
2^#	195.3	12.20	1.46
3^#	126.6	13.71	0.98
4^#	80.1	12.40	0.72

试样编号	热阻/ (m²· K·W^-1)	克罗值/ (10^-3 clo)	热导率/ (W·(m· K)^-1)	吸湿速度常数	透气率/ (mL·cm^-2· s^-1)	液态水芯吸高度/cm
1^#	0.053 8	0.346 8	0.013 0	0.005 8	1 063.64	9.0
2^#	0.067 9	0.437 8	0.011 3	0.014 3	1 004.21	7.0
3^#	0.069 3	0.521 6	0.010 3	0.027 1	734.64	6.5
4^#	0.071 6	0.584 2	0.009 6	0.043 9	979.37	5.5