聚醚酯弹性纤维的制备及其结构与性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20230405001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究牵伸倍数及热定形温度对聚醚酯弹性纤维性能的影响,采用卧式微量单孔挤出机制备了聚醚酯初生纤维及其牵伸丝。采用X射线衍射仪、声速取向仪、电子单纱强力机、纱线强伸度仪等对纤维的结晶结构、取向结构、力学性能、回弹性和收缩性能进行测试与分析。结果表明:当热定形温度为100 ℃时,随着牵伸倍数的增加,聚醚酯弹性纤维的结晶度、取向度、沸水收缩率和干热收缩率均呈上升趋势,断裂强度由1.44 cN/dtex增加至2.68 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率由179.9%下降到31.0%,在牵伸5倍时定伸长20%的弹性回复率可达到96.2%;当牵伸5倍时,随着热定形温度的升高,聚醚酯弹性纤维的结晶度增加,取向度、沸水收缩率及干热收缩率呈下降趋势,断裂强度与弹性回复率变化不大,断裂伸长率先升高后降低,热定形温度为140 ℃时的断裂强度达2.49 cN/dtex,定伸长20%的弹性回复率达到96.6%。

关键词: 聚醚酯弹性纤维, 结晶, 取向, 弹性回复率, 热收缩性能, 热定形

Abstract:

Objective To improve the current situation of single variety of elastic fibers in the field of textiles and apparel, thermoplastic polyether ester elastic (TPEE) fibers were prepared by melt spinning, aiming to achieve advantages of high elasticity, low hysteresis and easy processing. This research was set to study the effects of drafting and heat setting process on the properties of TPEE fibers in order to provide support for the development and application of the fibers.

Method Thermoplastic polyether ester fibers were prepared by horizontal micro single-hole extruder, then drafted and heat-set to form drafted fibers. The crystallization properties, orientation properties, mechanical properties, elastic recovery properties and thermal shrinkage properties of TPEE fibers were tested and analyzed by X-ray diffractometer, sound velocity orientation instrument, and single yarn tesnsile tester.

Results The effects of drafting ratio and heat setting temperature on the structure and properties of TPEE fibers were investigated by varying the drafting ratio and heat setting temperature. The results showed that when the heat setting temperature was 100 ℃ and the drafting ratio was increased from 3 times to 6 times, the crystallinity and orientation degree of TPEE fibers were increased with the increase of drafting ratio. With the increase of drafting ratio, the breaking strength of TPEE fibers was increased from 1.44 cN/dtex to 2.68 cN/dtex, the elongation at break decreased from 179.9% to 31.0%, and the elastic recovery rate initially increased and then decreased. When the drafting ratio was 5 times, the elastic recovery rate reached the maximum value of 96.2%. When the drafting ratio changed from 3 times to 6 times, the boiling water shrinkage rate was increased from 15.9% to 27.4%, and the dry heat shrinkage rate increased from 14.4% to 28.2%. With a 5 times drawing ratio, when the heat setting temperature was increased from 80 ℃ to 140 ℃, the crystallinity of TPEE fibers was increased and the total orientation degree of the TPEE fibers was decreased, the breaking strength and elastic recovery rate did not change significantly, and the elongation at break was initially increased and then decreased. At 140 ℃ heat-setting temperature, the breaking strength reached 2.49 cN/dtex and the elastic recovery rate reached 96.6% compared to other heat-setting temperatures. Notably, the boiling water shrinkage rate was dropped from 30.5% to 19.4%, and the dry heat shrinkage rate was decreased from 29.8% to 20.1% under the same heat-setting temperature (80-140 ℃), indicating a significant enhancement in the dimensional stability of the fibers.

Conclusion With the increase of drafting ratio, the mechanical properties of TPEE fibers demonstrated enhancement, while the dimensional stability of which was significantly reduced. The elastic recovery properties were initially increased and then dropped under the same conditions, and the elastic recovery rate of the TPEE fibers was up to 96.2% as the draft ratio increased to 5 times. With the increase of heat-setting temperature, the dimensional stability of TPEE fibers was obviously enhanced, while the mechanical properties and elastic recovery properties of TPEE fibers were almost unaffected, and the elastic recovery rate was remained above 96.0%. This work provides more raw material choices for the application of TPEE elastic fibers in the deformations textiles.

Key words: polyether ester elastic fiber, crystallization, orientation, elastic recovery rate, thermal shrinkage property, heat setting

中图分类号:

TS102.6

张梦茹, 王灿, 肖汪洋, 廖梦蝶, 王秀华. 聚醚酯弹性纤维的制备及其结构与性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(08): 81-88.

ZHANG Mengru, WANG Can, XIAO Wangyang, LIAO Mengdie, WANG Xiuhua. Preparation of polyether ester elastic fiber and its structure and properties[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(08): 81-88.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20230405001

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I08/81

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试样编号	牵伸倍数	热定形温度/℃
A0	—	—
A1	3	100
A2	4	100
A3	5	100
A4	6	100
A5	5	80
A6	5	120
A7	5	140

试样编号	晶区取向度/%	声速值/(km·s^-1)
A1	92.02	0.87
A2	93.96	0.94
A3	94.05	1.12
A4	94.42	1.18

试样编号	断裂伸长率/%	断裂强度/ (cN·dtex^-1)	弹性回复率/%
A1	179.9	1.44	88.5
A2	96.6	1.77	93.7
A3	58.5	2.43	96.2
A4	30.1	2.68	94.6

试样编号	沸水收缩率	干热收缩率
A1	15.9	14.4
A2	20.5	19.1
A3	25.0	24.9
A4	27.4	28.2

试样编号	晶区取向度/%	声速值/(km·s^-1)
A5	93.08	1.16
A3	94.05	1.12
A6	94.41	1.08
A7	94.45	1.07