基于离子液体微溶焊接的可降解薄膜制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20230507501

纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (08): 89-98.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230507501

基于离子液体微溶焊接的可降解薄膜制备及其性能

赵攀¹, 谭文丽², 赵心蕊¹, 付金凡¹, 刘成显¹, 袁久刚¹()

1.江南大学纺织科学与工程学院, 江苏无锡 214122
2.江苏中纺联检验技术服务有限公司, 江苏苏州 215100

收稿日期:2023-05-29 修回日期:2023-10-31 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-08-21
通讯作者: 袁久刚(1982—),男,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为天然纤维改性。E-mail:jiugangyuan@jiangnan.edu.cn。
作者简介:赵攀(1999—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为废弃纺织品的回用。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31771039)

Preparation and properties of degradable film by micro-dissolution thermal welding using ionic liquid

ZHAO Pan¹, TAN Wenli², ZHAO Xinrui¹, FU Jinfan¹, LIU Chengxian¹, YUAN Jiugang¹()

1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
2. Suzhou Zhongke Textile Technology Service Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, China

Received:2023-05-29 Revised:2023-10-31 Published:2024-08-15 Online:2024-08-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对废旧棉纺织品回收利用率低、再生困难及再生产品品质差等问题,采用离子液体微溶热焊接工艺,成功制备了一种高强度的全纤维素可降解疏水类塑料复合薄膜材料。首先,将废旧棉织物在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)离子液体水溶液中浸泡,然后加热去除水分、激活离子液体,使纤维素发生部分溶解,再经热压将溶解部分与未溶解纤维素基质焊接黏合,在热压过程中可同时进行聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)疏水功能化改性,得到全纤维素可降解疏水类塑料薄膜材料,并对其形态结构、力学性能及降解性能等进行测试与分析。结果表明:薄膜材料表现出优良的力学性能,其最大拉伸强度达到39 MPa,拉伸断裂伸长率约为40%,最大弯曲强度高达120 MPa,弯曲断裂伸长率约为5%,水接触角为110°,水蒸气透过率低于10%,具备良好的疏水性和防潮性;同时,该薄膜材料可完全生物降解,土壤填埋60 d后降解率达到86%。该方法不仅环境友好,还有助于高效快速实现废旧棉织物的高附加值回用,具有重要的应用前景。

关键词: 废旧棉织物回用, 离子液体, 热焊接, 聚二甲基硅氧烷, 可降解薄膜

Abstract:

Objective China produces more than 47.6 million tons of waste textiles every year, including 80% of waste polyester and cotton textiles. Whilst the recycling of waste polyester has made progress, the recycling of waste cellulose fabrics is still difficult. In view of the low recycling rate of waste cotton textiles, the difficulty of regeneration and the poor quality of recycled products, a simple and efficient micro-dissolution thermal "welding" process using ionic liquid (IL) for preparing a high-strength all-cellulose degradable hydrophobic "plastic-like" film was proposed.

Method In this research, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) was the main solvent for preparing the self-reinforcing all-cellulosic "plastic-like" film material by micro-dissolution thermal "welding". Firstly, the waste cotton fabric was soaked in [BMIM]Cl aqueous solution system, then heated and de-watered to activate the IL to make the cellulose partially dissolve, then the dissolved part was bonded with the undissolved cellulose by hot pressing, and the hydrophobic functionalization of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) was carried out simultaneously. The mechanical properties, contact angles and degradation of film were tested, and the structure and properties of the films were further characterized by SEM, XRD and TGA, etc.

Results The all-cellulose degradable hydrophobic "plastic-like" film material prepared from waste cotton fabrics had a smooth and uniform surface. The "plastic-like" film material demonstrated certain plasticity and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. The microscopic appearance of the partially dissolved cellulose and the undissolved part successfully bonded together by hot press-thermal "welding" were clearly visible. XRD results indicated that the dissolved part of the cellulose of the film material was transformed from cellulose type I to cellulose type II, and the undissolved part still retained part of the cellulose type I structure. The films demonstrated excellent thermal stability, where thermal degradation temperature was shown up to 350 ℃, much higher than the temperature standard used by the industry. The hydrophobic functionalization was finished onto the surface of the film using PDMS. The film had good waterproof performance, and the contact angle was up to 110° and water vapor transmittance was less than 10%, showing excellent hydrophobicity and humidity resistance. The all-cellulose degradable hydrophobic "plastic-like" film material demonstrated better overall resistance in organic chemicals, and certain resistance in inorganic chemicals, but the material should not be used in strong acid and strong oxidation environments. It also had excellent comprehensive properties then some commercial bioplastic materials such as polypropylene(PP) and polylactic acid(PLA), and its mechanical properties, natural degradability and sustainable durability were particularly outstanding.

Conclusion A high-strength all-cellulose degradable hydrophobic "plastic-like" film had been successfully prepared by micro-dissolution thermal "welding" using ionic liquid. The film exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with tensile strength up to 39 MPa, break elongation was 40%. The bending strength was up to 120 MPa, break elongation was more than 5%. It also had good hydrophobicity and moisture resistance, with contact angle up to 110° and water vapor transmittance was less than 10%. In particular, it was completely biodegradable. The degradation rate in 60 days of soil landfill was 85.6%, and it also showed stable heat resistance and chemical resistance. Therefore, this work provided a promising and useful method to the recycling and re-utilization of waste textiles, which was environmentally friendly. Compared with the traditional method of completely dissolving and regenerating cellulose to prepare films, the processing efficiency was higher and the strength protection of raw fiber was better. More importantly, the film prepared by recycling waste cotton fabrics could be used in the packaging field, such as packaging materials and transportation plates, helping to eliminate environmental pollution from the source and achieve sustainable development of the cotton cellulose cycle.

Key words: recycling of waste cotton fabric, ionic liquid, thermal welding, polydimethylsiloxane, biodegradable film material

中图分类号:

O636.11

赵攀, 谭文丽, 赵心蕊, 付金凡, 刘成显, 袁久刚. 基于离子液体微溶焊接的可降解薄膜制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(08): 89-98.

ZHAO Pan, TAN Wenli, ZHAO Xinrui, FU Jinfan, LIU Chengxian, YUAN Jiugang. Preparation and properties of degradable film by micro-dissolution thermal welding using ionic liquid[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(08): 89-98.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20230507501

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I08/89

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试样的处理方式	平均厚度/mm	拉伸性能		弯曲性能
试样的处理方式	平均厚度/mm	弹性模量/ MPa	断裂伸长率/ %	弯曲模量/ MPa	断裂伸长率/ %
水浴	0.30±0.03	3 746	12.2	2 726	4.6
PEG2000	0.32±0.02	1 355	51.2	1 445	7.3
PEG20000	0.33±0.02	668	32.9	1 056	6.1
PEG2000+PDMS	0.32±0.02	320	43.9	580	5.2

基于离子液体微溶焊接的可降解薄膜制备及其性能

Preparation and properties of degradable film by micro-dissolution thermal welding using ionic liquid

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