Abstract: For solving the problem of raw material shortage of viscose fiber production and making full use of hemp xyloid stem,the structure and properties of hemp xyloid stem based viscose fiber were discussed by using advanced testing instruments such as SEM and X-ray analyzer.The test results reveal that the cellulose,lignin and tetrahydrocannabinol of the hemp xyloid stem based viscose fiber may react reciprocally and form complicated carbohydrate complex.The degree of crystallinity of hemp xyloid stem based viscose fiber is better than that of the regular viscose staple fiber and the crystal type of two viscose fibers is still celluloseⅡin monoclinic system.The elongation property of the hemp xyloid stem based viscose fiber is a litter better than that of the regular viscose staple fiber.The hemp xyloid stem based viscose fiber has good antibacterial property.