Abstract: Collagen has great potential applications because of its unique construction of three-ply helix,predominant bio-compatibility and bio-degradability.For further development of the application domain of cellulose and exploiting new green cellulosic fibers,a new cotton fiber coated with collagen was prepared by the limited selective oxidation of the fiber with sodium periodate and subsequent treatment with the solution of collagen in this paper.The results showed that the breaking strength of the cotton fiber after the limited oxidation by sodium periodate did not decrease remarkably,and the collagen molecules through the CN double bond of the Schiff base combined on the surface of the cotton fiber.