Abstract: In this research, the manufacturing technique and security principle of spectrum-fingerprint fiber were presented and discussed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results of SEM images and XRD patterns showed that rare-earth luminescent materials were dispersed randomly in the polymer matrix without visible agglomeration and the complex spinning process did not destroy the phase of rare-earth luminescent material, which indicated this manufacturing method was feasible. Measurements of emission spectra of spectrum-fingerprint fibers showed that the type and content of rare-earth luminescent material, fiber-forming polymer and inorganic transparent pigment all had great effects on the emission spectral lines of spectrum-fingerprint fibers, and different spectrum-fingerprint fibers had different emission spectra when excited with specific exciting light on the basic of different wavelength and intensity of emission, which were different from one to another, just like the fingerprint of human beings, and hard to be deciphered and counterfeited in the case of confidentiality of raw materials formula and process parameters. Therefore, by detecting the emission spectral line to discriminate product identity, this fiber has a higher anti-counterfeiting effect.