Abstract: A series of organic pigment microcapsulations prepared by miniemulsion polymerization or microsuspension polymerization were applied into pigment printing of cotton fabric. The morphology of microcapsulation and printed cotton surface was observed by DLS, OM, TEM SEM. The effect of microcapsulation morphology on the printing results was investigated in order to understand the film-formation process of microcapsulation. It was found that the pigment particles of nanometer level microcapsulation can be homogeneously and firmly adhered in the thin adhesive layer of the whole fiber surface, attributing to its small particles size and its self-adhesive polymer wall. Thus its K/S value, handle, dry and wet fastness were better than those of the traditional printed fabric and the fabric printed by micrometer level microcapsulation. For micrometer level microcapsulation, numbers of pigment particles in it can’t migrate with the viscous flow of adhesive polymer. Thus a lot of pigment accumulation and discrete adhesive layer can be observed on the surface of yarn. In conclusion, the microcapsulation morphology as well as the spreadability of pigment particles during film curing process takes an important effect on the print quality of cotton fabric. Only the pigment microcapsulation in a small scale is availiable to improve the dispersion of pigment particles on fabric surface and simultaneously the binding force of pigment particles with fabric.