Journal of Textile Research ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 1-6.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20180708806

• Fiber Materials •     Next Articles

Preparation and properties of polyacrylonitrile-based activated hollow carbon nanofibers

LI Shufeng1,2(), CHENG Bowen1,2, LUO Yongsha2, WANG Hui2, XU Jingwei2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites of Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2018-07-30 Revised:2019-06-06 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-10-23

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Abstract:

In order to prepare polyacrylonitrile (PAN) activated hollow carbon nanofibers (AHCNF) with higher porosity, the self-prepared PAN copolymers were coaxially electrospun, pre-oxidized, carbonized and activated to prepare AHCNF. The influences of the pore-forming agents on the morphology and porosity were further investigated. The results show that the prepared PAN copolymers has a lower cyclization temperature and less heat release during cyclization, facilitating the pre-oxidation. The carbonization process converses the C—O bond on the PAN surface into the C=O double band, and the activation process converts the C=O double bond into an ester group. The activated hollow carbon nanofibers prepared by adding the pore-forming agent and by adding no pore-forming agent have cross sections with an obvious hollow structure and compact fiber walls. For the activated porous hollow carbon nanofibers (p-AHCNF) prepared by adding the pore-forming agents, the BET total specific surface area increases from 55.719 m2/g to 532.639 m2/g, the pore volume increases from 0.070 cm3/g to 0.312 cm3/g, the average mesopore diameter increases from 3.408 nm to 4.309 nm, and the yields decreases from 27.14% to 9.44%.

Key words: polyacrylonitrile, activated fiber, hollow carbon nanofiber, coaxial electrospinning, porous carbon nanofiber

CLC Number: 

  • TS343

Fig.1

DSC curve of prepared PAN polymer"

Fig.2

Surface and cross-section SEM images of various PAN carbon hollow nanofibers. (a) Surface of HCNF(×3 000);(b) Surface of AHCNF(×3 000); (c) Surface of p-HCNF(×3 000); (d) Surface of p-AHCNF(×3 000);(e)Cross-section of HCNF(×25 000); (f) Cross-section of AHCNF(×10 000); (g) Cross-section of p-HCNF(×20 000);(h) Cross-section of p-AHCNF(×20 000)"

Fig.3

N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm curves(a) and mesopore size distribution (b) of AHCNF and p-ANCNF"

Tab.1

Elemental ratios of intermediate products of PAN AHCNFs%"

样品名称 C含量 O含量 N含量
预氧丝 36.35 61.85 1.80
炭化丝 72.83 27.17 —
活化丝 88.16 10.58 1.26

Tab.2

Peak-fitting results of various samples by XPS analysis"

名称 官能团 预氧丝 炭化丝 活化丝
峰值/
eV		 半峰
宽/eV		 含量/
%		 峰值/
eV		 半峰宽/
eV		 含量/
%		 峰值/
eV		 半峰
宽/eV		 含量/
%
碳碳单键 284.96 1.49 60.51 284.64 1.20 39.87 284.56 0.957 54.46
碳氧单键 286.49 1.57 23.30 285.54 1.99 49.54 285.40 2.19 36.68
碳氧双键 287.80 1.36 1.30 287.80 3.16 10.59 287.80 1.09 0.41
酯基 288.94 1.17 14.89 288.90 2.00 0.00 288.90 4.18 8.45

Tab.3

Yields of PAN nanofibers after various treatments"

样品 AHCNF p-AHCNF
质量/g 收率*/% 质量/g 收率*/%
原丝 4.320 0 9.205 8
预氧丝 3.970 0 91.90 2.974 8 32.31
炭化丝 1.373 6 31.80 1.121 5 12.18
活化丝 1.172 8 27.14 0.869 2 9.44
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