Journal of Textile Research ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 178-184.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190806607

• Academic Salon Column for New Insight of Textile Science and Technology: Preparation Technology and • Previous Articles    

Control method and technology of resin injection for resin transfer molding in manufacturing of composite materials

ZHANG Guoli1,2,3(), ZHANG Ce1,2,3, SHI Xiaoping1,2,3, WANG Zhipeng1,2,3, JIANG Qian1,2,3   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. Institute of Composite Materials, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2019-08-26 Revised:2019-10-12 Online:2019-12-15 Published:2019-12-18

RichHTML

6

PDF (PC)

113

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of bubbles or dry spots caused by incapability of completely removing local air or completely impregnating the effective area by resin in the resin injection for resin transfer molding (RTM), the mechanism of bubble wrapping and dry spot formation in RTM forming process was systematically analyzed. The influence of non-deterministic factors in RTM molding process on the flow quality of RTM resin injection was summarized and introduced, such as the regional distribution difference of preform permeability, the difference in interleaving law of preform yarn bundle, the difference in size of preform and cavity, the difference in number of inlet and outlet positions of RTM mould and the difference in requirements, and the new technologies and methods for regulating the flow shape of resin were put forward. Finally, the simulation of RTM resin flow process for T-type composite structural products was carried out, which provides a theoretical and method reference for the development of new RTM injection technology for composite materials with complicated structures.

Key words: resin transfer molding, composite, bubble, dry spot, defect formation mechanism, control method

CLC Number: 

  • TB332

Fig.1

Injection situation of B-pillar part of automobile bottom. (a) Thickness of different zones; (b) Picture after resin injection"

Fig.2

Resin flow types. (a) Unidirectional flow; (b) 2-D in-plane flow; (c) 3-D macroscopic flow"

Fig.3

Dry spot due to race-tracking effect"

Fig.4

Injection situation of front part of Car. (a) Position of inlet and outlet; (b) Position of dry spot"

Fig.5

Simulation cases. (a) Injection position of case 1; (b) Injection position of case 2; (c) Injection position of case 3; (d) Dry spot position of case 1; (e) Dry spot position of case 2; (f) Dry spot position of case 3"

Fig.6

Schematic diagram of local adjustable cavity height. (a) Increase height of injection cavity; (b) Cavity lock and curing"

Fig.7

Schematic diagram of resin injection of local wet molding coupling with RTM"

Fig.8

Comparison between single gate injection (a) and multiple gates progressive injection (b)"

Fig.9

T-shaped composite structural parts"

Fig.10

Simulation cases of T-type composite. (a) Injection time of case 1; (b) Injection time of case 2; (c) Injection time of case 3; (d) Injection pressure of case 1; (e) Injection pressure of case 2; (f) Injection pressure of case 3"

Fig.11

Schematic diagram of resin injection mold"

[1] 王继辉, 邱桂杰. LCM成型工艺中气泡形成机理[C]// 第十四届全国玻璃钢/复合材料学术年会论文集. 大连:大连理工大学出版社, 2001: 121-126.
WANG Jihui, QIU Guijie. Voids formation mechanism in resin transfer molding technology [C]// Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Glass Reinforced Plastics/Composites. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology Press, 2001: 121-126.
[2] 梁志勇, 段跃新, 尹明仁, 等. 复合材料RTM制造工艺计算机模拟分析研究[J]. 航空学报, 2000 (Z1):66-71.
LIANG Zhiyong, DUAN Yuexin, YIN Mingren, et al. Simulation analysis of RTM process for composites materials[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2000 (Z1):66-71.
[3] MOUTON S, TEISSANDIER D, SEBASTIAN P, et al. Manufacturing requirements in design: the RTM process in aeronautics[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2010,41(1):125-130.
[4] BERINGHIER M, SIMAR A, GIGLIOTTI M, et al. Identification of the orthotropic diffusion properties of RTM textile composites for aircraft applications[J]. Composite Structures, 2010,137:33-43.
[5] VAN D P, HALL J, KOUDELA K, et al. Composite marine impellers: manufacturing technology development (HIP and RTM processing)[J]. Sampe Journal, 2006,42(4):33-43.
[6] NADER J W, DAGHER H J, LOPEZ A R. Size effects on the bending strength of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites[J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2011,30(4):9-17.
[7] BANK D H, JAMES A, BELLI S, et al. Composite technology for high volume lightweight manufac-turing[J]. Reinforced Plastics, 2018,62(6):314-319.
[8] RAGJUR P K, KUNDU G, NEOGI S, et al. Development of manufacturing technology for cab front using resin transfer molding process[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2010,44(18):2217-2231.
[9] KUREMASTSU K, KOISHI M. Kinetic studies on void formation during liquid epoxy resin impregnation through polyester non-woven fabric[J]. Colloid and Polymer Science, 1985,263(6):454-461.
[10] DELEGLISE M, GROGNEC P L, BINETRUY C, et al. Modeling of high speed RTM injection with highly reactive resin with on-line mixing[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2011,42(10):1390-1397.
[11] POODTS E, MINAK G, MAZZOCCHETTI L, et al. Fabrication, process simulation and testing of a thick CFRP component using the RTM process[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2014,56:673-680.
[12] MARKICEVIC B, HEIDER D, ADVANI S G, et al. Stochastic modeling of preform heterogeneity to address dry spots formation in the VARTM process[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2005,36(6):851-858.
[13] BERGANT Z, SAVIN A, GRUM J. Effects of manufacturing technology on static, multi-frequency dynamic mechanical analysis and fracture energy of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates[J]. Polymers & Polymer Composites, 2018,26(5/6):358-370.
[14] RUIZ E, ACHIM V, SOUKANE S, et al. Optimization of injection flow rate to minimize micro/macro-voids formation in resin transfer molded composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2006,66(3):475-486.
[15] 李彩球, 刘晓惠. RTM制品常见缺陷及其对策[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料, 2005(3):41-42.
LI Caiqiu, LIU Xiaohui. RTM product faults and solutions[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/composite, 2005(3):41-42.
[16] 高国强, 薛忠明. RTM工艺过程中缺陷产生机理分析[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料, 2001(2):26-29.
GAO Guoqiang, XUE Zhongming. Trouble shooting in RTM process[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composite, 2001(2):26-29.
[17] TALREJA R. Manufacturing Defects in Composites and Their Effects on Performance[M]// IRVING R E,SOUTIS C. Polymer Composites in the Aerospace Industry.[S.l.]: Woodhead Publishing, 2015: 99-113.
[18] GHIORSE S R. Effect of void content on the mechanical properties of carbon/epoxy laminates[J]. SAMPE Quarterly, 1993,24(2):54-59.
[19] LIU L, ZHANG B M, WU Z J, et al. Effects of cure pressure induced voids on the mechanical strength of carbon/epoxy laminates[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2005,21(1):87-91.
[20] ZHANG X, DUAN Y, ZHAO X, et al. Effects of quasi:3D stacking architecture on interlaminar shear strength and void content of FRP[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2014.DOI: 10.1002/app.41076.
pmid: 24994939
[21] KANG M K, LEE W I, HAHN H T. Formation of microvoids during resin-transfer molding process[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2000,60(12):2427-2434.
[22] WANG Z, ZHANG G, ZHU Y, et al. Theoretical analysis of braiding strand trajectories and simulation of three-dimensional parametric geometrical models for multilayer interlock three-dimensional tubular braided preforms[J]. Textile Research Journal, 2019. DOI: 10.1177/0040517519826888.
doi: 10.1080/0002889758507210 pmid: 1111270
[23] PEARCE N, GUILD F, SUMMERSCALES J. A study of the effects of convergent flow fronts on the properties of fibre reinforced composites produced by RTM[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 1998,29(1):141-152.
[24] LECLERC J S, RUIZ E. Porosity reduction using optimized flow velocity in resin transfer molding[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2008,39(12):1859-1868.
[25] KOUTSONAS S. Modelling race-tracking variability of resin rich zones on 90° composite 2.2 twill fibre curved plate[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2018,168:448-459.
[26] LAWRENCE J M, HSIAO K T, DON R C, et al. An approach to couple mold design and on-line control to manufacture complex composite parts by resin transfer molding[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2002,33(7):981-990.
[27] LAURENZ S, GRILLI A, PINNA M, et al. Process simulation for a large composite aeronautic beam by resin transfer molding[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2014,57:47-55.
[28] ALMS J B, ADVANI S G, GLANCEY J L. Liquid composite molding control methodologies using vacuum induced preform relaxation[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2011,42(1):57-65.
[29] MA X, GU Y, LI Y, et al. Interlaminar properties of carbon fiber composite laminates with resin transfer molding/prepreg co-curing process[J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2014,33(24):2228-2241.
[30] JOHNSON R J, PITCHUMANI R. Active control of reactive resin flow in a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2008,42(12):1205-1229.
[1] FENG Duanpei, SHANG Yuanyuan, LI Jun. Multi-scale simulation of impact failure behavior for 4- and 5-directional 3-D braided composites [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(10): 67-73.
[2] TANG Feng, YU Houyong, ZHOU Ying, LI Yingzhan, YAO Juming, WANG Chuang, JIN Wanhui. Preparation and property of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) composite films [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(09): 8-15.
[3] ZHANG Lingyun, QIAN Xiaoming, ZOU Chi, ZOU Zhiwei. Preparation and properties of SiO2 aerogel / polyester-polyethylene bicomponent fiber composite thermal insulation materials [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(08): 22-26.
[4] LI Ruiqing, WANG Wei, WEI Bingju, ZHOU Changwen, ZHANG Shutao. Sulfur black dyeing process with environment friendly reducing agent [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(08): 50-54.
[5] CHEN Shiping, CHEN Min, WEI Cen, WANG Fujun, WANG Lu. Structure and functions of medical protective clothing and trend for research and development [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(08): 179-187.
[6] MA Feifei. Stab-resistant performance and wearability of composite materials made by discrete resin molding [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(07): 67-71.
[7] MA Ying, HE Tiantian, CHEN Xiang, LU Sheng, WANG Youqi. Micro-geometry modeling of three-dimensional orthogonal woven fabrics based on digital element approach [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(07): 59-66.
[8] LI Liping, WU Daoyi, ZHAN Yikai, HE Min. Review on carbon fiber surface modification using electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(06): 168-173.
[9] LIU Yanchun, BAI Gang. Application of berberine in polyacrylonitrile / cellulose acetate composite fiber dyeing [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(05): 94-98.
[10] CHEN Lifu, YU Weidong. Stab resistance of composites with synthetic diamond filled polyimide resin matrix [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(05): 38-44.
[11] LIANG Shuangqiang, CHEN Ge, ZHOU Qihong. Compression property of notched 3-D braided composites [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(05): 79-84.
[12] WAN Yucai, LIU Ying, WANG Xu, YI Zhibing, LIU Ke, WANG Dong. Structure and property of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) nanofiber / polypropylene microfiber scaffold: a composite air filter with high filtration performance [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(04): 15-20.
[13] LI Peng, WAN Zhenkai, JIA Minrui. Damage monitoring of composite materials based on twist energy of carbon nanotube yarns [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(04): 58-63.
[14] WANG Jiankun, JIANG Xiaodong, GUO Jing, YANG Lianhe. Research progress of functionalized graphene oxide adsorption materials [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(04): 167-173.
[15] ZHANG Hengyu, ZHANG Xiansheng, XIAO Hong, SHI Meiwu. Research progress of two-dimensional carbide in field of flexible electromagnetic absorbing [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(03): 182-187.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备14006648号
Copyright 2021 © Editorial office of Journal of Textile Research
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd