Journal of Textile Research ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (09): 180-186.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200804707

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Research and application progress in fire retardant fabric based on polymeric hydrogel

YU Zhicai1,2, LIU Jinru1, HE Hualing1,2,3(), MA Shengnan1, JIANG Huiyu1,2   

  1. 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    3. Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2020-08-10 Revised:2021-06-04 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-09-27
  • Contact: HE Hualing E-mail:hehualinghe@126.com

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Abstract:

In order to improve the fire resistance of textiles, this paper reviews the application of hydrogels as a new type of fire retardant materials, because of the high absorbability of hydrogels with a three-dimensional network. Moreover, the fire-retardant mechanism of hydrogels such as endothermic cooling, gas dilution and oxygen isolation in the process of fire extinguishing was systematically described. According to relevant literature, the novel treatment technology of composite flame-retardant fabric was discussed. It was summarized that flame retardant composite fabrics based on hydrogel have excellent flame-retardant property. This paper critically reviewed and analyzed the challenges and opportunities of hydrogels as flame retardant materials in the field of textile thermal protection. It is found that improving the binding fastness between hydrogels and fabrics, developing self-healing flame retardant hydrogel materials and multifunctional flame retardant hydrogel fabrics call for further research.

Key words: polymeric hydrogel, fire retardant fabric, fire extinguishing mechanism, composite treatment, firefighter protective clothing

CLC Number: 

  • TS102.6

Tab.1

Fire resistant mechanism of various flame retardants and theirs advantages and disadvantages"

阻燃剂 阻燃机制 优点 缺点
卤系阻燃剂 受热分解产物直接改变火焰中的链增长反应,由此达到阻燃目的 阻燃效率高、成本低、用量少 产生有毒的卤化氢气体,不可降解[13]
磷系阻燃剂 受热分解生成不挥发玻璃层或聚合物脱水炭化形成隔离膜,隔绝氧气 低毒,低卤,用量少,效率高[14] 相容性差,热稳定性差,发烟量大,挥发性高
氮系阻燃剂 受热放出N2、NH3、CO2等气体稀释氧气浓度 毒性低,发烟量少,价格低廉 阻燃效率低,需与其他阻燃剂复合产生协同阻燃效果,比如磷-氮阻燃剂[15,16]
硅系阻燃剂 形成无定形硅保护层屏蔽氧气侵入[17] 阻燃性能优异,耐高温,抗氧化,燃烧速度慢[18] 生产工艺较为复杂,难合成,成本高
硼系阻燃剂 硼酸盐熔化覆盖在可燃物表面,隔绝氧气;燃烧释放结合水,吸热冷却降温;改变热分解途径,抑制可燃性气体生成 阻燃效果良好,抑烟效率高,对聚合物的力学性能影响小 单一的阻燃效果不佳,需与其他阻燃剂协同作用[19]
金属氢氧化物 分解产生水蒸气稀释周围氧气浓度;可燃物表面生成氧化物,阻止燃烧 价格低廉,来源广泛,无毒,稳定性高[20] 添加量需求大,导致基体力学性能差
膨胀型阻燃剂 阻燃剂受热后生成蓬松发泡结构的炭层,阻止可燃物与火源之间的热传导;多孔炭层阻止氧气向可燃物表面扩散 环保高效,价格低廉 相容性差,易使可燃物的力学性能和电学性能降低[21]

Fig.1

Schematic of hydrogel fire extinguishing mechanism"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of direct deposition method"

Fig.3

Schematic diagram of ultraviolet initiation"

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