Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (01): 87-92.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20211006006

• Fiber Materials • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation and performance of high efficiency and low resistance polypropylene melt-blown fiber based on supercritical carbon dioxide

TAN Linli1,2(), QIN Liu1,2,3, LI Yingru1,2, DENG Lingli1,2, XIE Zhiyin1,2, LI Shidong1,2   

  1. 1. College of Intelligent Systems Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Enshi, Hubei 445000,China
    3. Ningbo GMF New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315300, China
  • Received:2021-10-26 Revised:2022-05-26 Online:2023-01-15 Published:2023-02-16

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Abstract:

Objective This work was carried out to reduce the diameter of melt-blown polypropylene (PP) fabric and to solve the contradiction between filtration efficiency and filtration resistance of the melt-blown fabric during air filtration.
Method Two types of novel PP superfine melt-blown fiber were prepared. One was prepared by melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field, and the other was prepared by firstly treating PP with supercritical carbon dioxide and then melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field.
Results PP melt-blown fiber was prepared by melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field. The fiber was thinned, the average diameter of the fiber was decreased from 3.22 μm to 2.44 μm by about 24.2%, and the filtration efficiency was increased from 98.78% to 99.01%. After supercritical CO2 treatment, the viscosity of PP melt decreased, and the average diameter of the fiber was further decreased to 1.73 μm with the minimum diameter of 780 nm under the synergistic effect between electrostatic field and airflow field. With the decrease of the fiber diameter, the fiber diameter distribution became narrower, the bond point between fibers was decreased, the porosity and specific surface area were increased, and the fiber was more likely to capture the charge generated by corona discharge in the electret process, significantly improving the barrier capability and air permeability of micro-nano fiber. In other words, the contradiction between filtration efficiency and filtration resistance was effectively overcome. The filtration efficiency of the prepared melt-blown fiber was 99.25% for 0.3 μm particles, the filtration resistance was only 23 Pa, with a satisfactory quality factor of 0.213 Pa-1. Compared with ordinary PP melt-blowing fiber, the breaking strength of melt-blown fiber prepared assisted by only electrostatic field or the combination of supercritical CO2 treatment and electrostatic field decreased from 2.12 MPa of conventional melt-blown fiber to 1.17 and 1.26 MPa, representing decrease rates of about 44.8% and 40.0%, respectively. The elongation at break was significantly improved, and the decrease of the breaking strength was mainly attributed to the decrease of fiber diameter. In addition, the effective bonding points between fibers became fewer, leading to further reduction in fiber strength.
Conclusion Two types of novel PP superfine melt-blown fiber were prepared, by melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field and by melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field following the fiber treatment by supercritical carbon dioxide. Thanks to the synergistic effect of supercritical carbon dioxide pre-treatment and the assistance of electrostatic field, the prepared melt-blowing fiber shows good barrier capability as well as good air permeability. The contradiction between filtration efficiency and filtration resistance of melt-blown fiber in the process of air filtration is effectively solved.

Key words: polypropylene, electrostatic field, supercritical carbon dioxide, micro-nano fiber, melt-blown fiber, filtration performance

CLC Number: 

  • TS176

Fig.1

Diagram of experimental device. (a) Diagram of high voltage electrostatic generator assisted melt-blown spinning;(b) Diagram of supercritical CO2 osmosis"

Fig.2

Surface microstructure of fibers prepared by different processes (×1 000). (a) Conventional melt-blown; (b) Electrostatic field;(c) Supercritical CO2 and electrostatic field"

Fig.3

Diameter distribution of fibers prepared by different processes. (a) Conventional melt-blowing; (b) Electrostatic field;(c) Supercritical CO2 and electrostatic field"

Tab.1

Filtration efficiency of fiber to particles with different sizes"

制备条件 不同粒径颗粒物的过滤效率/%
0.3 μm 0.5 μm 1.0 μm 2.5 μm
常规纺丝 98.78 99.00 100.00 100.00
静电场 99.01 99.23 100.00 100.00
超临界CO2协同静电场 99.25 99.54 100.00 100.00

Tab.2

Test result of fiber properties"

制备条件 孔隙
率/%		 平均孔
径/μm		 过滤阻力/Pa 品质因
子/Pa-1
32 L/min 85 L/min
常规纺丝 68.10 14.86 55 148 0.080
静电场 70.05 13.79 51 134 0.091
超临界CO2
协同静电场		 72.00 12.95 23 84 0.213

Tab.3

Comparison of filtration performance of representative air filtration fiber"

原料 制备方法 过滤效
率/%		 过滤阻
力/Pa		 品质因
子/Pa-1		 参考
文献
PP 熔体静电纺 99.23 8.60 0.566 [4]
PP/ATBC 熔体静电纺 99.95 195.20 0.039 [17]
PP/PS 熔喷 99.87 37.73 0.176 [5]
PP/PEG 熔喷 85.33 55.53 0.035 [11]
PP 熔喷协同
静电场		 99.25 23.00 0.213 本文

Tab.4

Mechanical property of fibers"

制备条件 断裂伸长率/% 断裂强度/MPa
常规纺丝 18.38 2.12
静电场 22.50 1.17
超临界CO2协同静电场 44.81 1.26
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