Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (04): 139-145.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20211108407

• Dyeing and Finishing & Chemicals • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation of carbonized three-dimensional spacer cotton fabric and its electrical heating properties

HUANG Jinbo, SHAO Lingda, ZHU Chengyan()   

  1. Key Laboratory for Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
  • Received:2021-11-18 Revised:2022-08-09 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-05-12

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Abstract:

Objective In order to develop functional textiles used in piezoresistive sensing and electric heating, the effects of different carbonization processes on the conductivity and electric heating properties of cotton fabrics were studied.
Method Using cotton fiber as the raw material, a three-dimensional spacer fabric was prepared using a double-shed weaving machine. The fabric was then carbonized to achieve the conductive and heating properties. The fiber structure in the carbonized cotton fabric was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The conductivity and electric heating performance of the fabric were characterized by multimeter and infrared thermal imager, and their internal relations were analyzed.
Results The fabric can be carbonized by high temperature inert gas (N2)(Fig. 3). In the carbonization process, with the increase of carbonization temperature, the fiber scale layer structure was obvious seen, and the fiber surface structure became more porous. When the carbonization temperature of the fabric was set to 900 ℃, obvious punctate broken holes appeared on the fiber surface, and carbon particles falling off were observed. By analyzing the conductivity of the fabric, it was found that the resistance of the carbonized fabric decreased with the increase of carbonization temperature. The resistance of the charred fabric gradually increases with increasing measurement distance, the fabric resistance is linearly related to the plane distance and can be seen as similar to a uniform resistance. At a lower carbonization temperature or a higher current, the heating performance of the carbonized fabric is better, but there will be a lot of heat radiation and air heat exchange during the heating process of the fabric. The actual temperature rise curve of the fabric does not agree with the theoretical calculation of electric power(Fig. 8). The carbonized fabric was found to be heated and cooled fastest at 750 ℃. When the heating temperature of the carbonized fabric was lower than 62.4 ℃, the heating temperature of the fabric demonstrated proportional increases to the value of the theoretical electric power(Fig. 11). In the case where the heating temperature was higher than this temperature, the theoretical power of the fabric was significantly lower than the temperature of the fabric.
Conclusion The three-dimensional space carbonized cotton fabric demonstrated good electrical conductivity and it can be regarded as a uniform resistance medium, and the resistance rate decreases exponentially with the increase of carbonization temperature. At lower carbonization temperature, the change rate of resistance is larger, and with the increase of carbonization temperature, the change rate of resistance gradually decreases. Through the analysis of the heating effect and the heating property of the fabric, it is found that the theoretical heating efficiency of the fabric is proportional to the heating temperature when the temperature is below 62.4 ℃, and it can be applied to the electrically heated fabric with precise and controllable temperature.

Key words: three-dimensional spacer fabric, flexible heating material, carbonization process, electrical conductivity, electrically heated fabric

CLC Number: 

  • TS105.1

Fig. 1

Structure diagram of woven three-dimensional interval loom"

Tab. 1

Three-dimensional spacer fabric specifications"

原料 线密
度/tex		 地经
数量/
根		 纵经
数量/
根		 纬密/
(根·cm-1)		 间隔高
度/mm		 幅宽/
mm		 面密度/
(g·m-2)
棉纱 36.4 5 472 2 736 26 5 1 500 790

Fig. 2

Structure comparison of fabrics before(a) and after(b) carbonization"

Fig. 3

SEM images of fabric fibers before and after carbonization. (a)Original sample; (b) 750 ℃; (c) 800 ℃; (d) 850 ℃; (e) 900 ℃"

Fig. 4

Infrared spectra of cotton fabric and carbonized cotton fabric at different temperatures"

Fig. 5

Raman spectra of samples with different carbonization temperatures"

Tab. 2

Raman spectrum parameters of samples with different carbonization temperatures"

温度/
℃		 WG/
cm-1		 WD/
cm-1		 FWHMG/
cm-1		 FWHMD/
cm-1		 R
(ID/IG)
750 1 580 1 345 113.3 270.7 2.24
800 1 587 1 340 106.3 272.2 2.58
850 1 587 1 338 114.6 248.5 1.97
900 1 587 1 340 110.7 249.0 1.92

Fig. 6

Resistance under different pitch resistance of carbonized fabric length"

Tab. 3

Linear regression equation of fabric resistance"

序号 炭化温度/℃ 回归方程 R2
1 750 Y=9.58+9.96X 0.999
2 800 Y=2.6+4X 0.996
3 850 Y=1.24+2.32X 0.995
4 900 Y=1+1.37X 0.998

Fig. 7

Schematic diagram of heating test of carbonized fabric"

Fig. 8

Heating curve under different current intensities(750 ℃)"

Fig. 9

Heating curve of three-dimensional spacer fabrics with different carbonization temperatures at constant current of 0.3 A"

Fig. 10

Heating cooling rate curve of fabric under different carbonization temperatures"

Fig. 11

Comparison of heating temperature and theoretical power of fabrics with different carbonization temperatures"

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