Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (02): 118-127.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20211204510

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of high smooth treatment on polyimide staple yarns and its fabric properties

MIAO Ying1,2, XIONG Shiman1, ZHENG Minbo3, TANG Jiandong3, ZHANG Huixia3, DING Cailing4, XIA Zhigang1,2,5()   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    3. Jihua 3542 Textile Co., Ltd., Xiangyang, Hubei 441002, China
    4. Shandong Ruyi Technology Group Co., Ltd., Jining, Shandong 272073, China
    5. State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 226071, China
  • Received:2021-12-20 Revised:2022-11-21 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-03-07

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Abstract:

Objective Polyimide (PI) has excellent stability and mechanical properties and is widely used in various industries. PI staple yarn shows good mechanical properties, flame retardancy, high-temperature resistance and other properties. However, PI staple yarn is difficult to spin creating high level of yarn hairiness, and the yarn also has serious problem of static electricity. PI yarn hair is long, causing hair entanglement, resulting in unclear shed openings and yarn breakage during weaving, and the PI fabric is easy to pilling negatively affect the fabric appearance. Because of the above problems, this paper proposes an innovative idea of high smooth treatment of hairy PI single yarn at the end of yarn post-processing to efficiently achieve the transformation of low-quality PI yarn to high-quality PI yarn.
Method Based on this idea, a high smooth and clean yarn processing device was developed, and the mechanism of the key area of yarn leading and eddy current wrapping was simulated and analyzed theoretically. The device applied the wet heat eddy current to treat the multi-hair PI single yarn, and the PI single yarn and its fabric were obtained by double-twisting and weaving before and after the processing.
Results A three-dimensional numerical simulation model for the ingot fluid region of the high smooth treatment device was established (Fig. 3). The simulation results of the yarn drawing stage (Fig. 4) showed that strong suction was generated in the device before the yarn entered the wrapping device to ensure the smooth entry of the yarn into the device. The simulation results of the normal high smooth and clean spinning stage (Fig. 5) showed that the turbulence phenomenon under normal treatment was more obvious than that in the yarn drawing stage. Due to the presence of backflow and high-speed airflow, the hairiness of the wooly yarn was greatly reduced and the strength was improved after the device treatment. Based on theoretical analysis, the yarn and fabric experiment results was analyzed before and after the treatment. The yarn test results showed that the high smooth treatment significantly improved the yarn's apparent quality and made the yarn surface more smoothly (Fig. 6), and the harmful hairiness number of PI single yarn after the high smooth treatment was reduced by 97.69% (Fig. 7). After the treatment, the dry unevenness of the strands was improved (Tab. 3), the yarn strength was increased by 5.50% (Tab. 4), and the wear resistance of the yarn was increased by 48.84% (Fig. 8). The test results of the fabric showed that the fabric woven by the treated yarn was softer, smoother, more elastic (Fig. 9), and more smooth (Fig. 10). The warp and weft tensile mechanical properties of the treated fabric were greater than that of the original fabric (Tab. 5), and the air permeability of the fabric was increased by 66.09% after the treatment (Fig. 11). The pilling performance was effectively improved (Fig. 12). After the treatment, the fabric static electricity voltage dropped by 40.0%, and the friction electrostatic performance was improved (Tab. 6).
Conclusion PI yarn is processed by a high smooth treatment device, and the properties of yarn and fabric are compared through the simulation analysis embedded in the device. During the yarn initial stage, the flow line develops orderly along the helical route of the device, which is conducive to the generation of suction and smooth yarn route. In comparison, during the conventional high smooth treatment stage, the high-speed airflow of the air jet hole drives the high-speed rotating airflow, which wraps and holds the yarn surface hairiness. After the high smooth treatment, the degree of yarn hairiness is significantly reduced, the tensile property is improved, the unevenness of a single yarn is increased, and the wear resistance of yarn is improved. The treated fabric is smoother in appearance, with improvement in softness, smoothness, elasticity, breathability, and antistatic performance.

Key words: polyimide, high smooth treatment, hairiness, numerical simulation, yarn property, fabric property

CLC Number: 

  • TS102

Fig.1

Vortex spinning process flow"

Fig.2

Stereoscopic diagram of yarn high smooth treatment"

Fig.3

Calculated three-dimensional numerical simulation model of gas-fluid region within model"

Fig.4

Simulation results of airflow field at initial state of spinning. (a) Velocity field cloud map; (b) Air jet air line; (c) Speed vector"

Fig.5

Simulation results of airflow field during high smooth treatment. (a) Velocity field cloud map; (b) Air jet air line; (c) Speed vector"

Fig.6

Yarn apparent structure test results. (a)Untreated single yarn; (b)Treated single yarn; (c)Untreated strand yarn; (d)Treated strand yarn"

Tab.1

Test results of hairiness number of yarns with different lengths"

纱线
种类		 不同长度的毛羽数/(根·(10 m)-1)
1 mm 2 mm 3 mm 4 mm 5 mm 6 mm 8 mm 10 mm
PI-YS 4 515.80±172.59 1 608.80±83.28 679.70±43.30 307.80±27.70 147.90±18.64 61.40±10.63 9.40±4.25 1.10±2.18
PI-CS 823.00±96.57 135.80±18.40 37.70±9.07 8.90±4.53 2.40±2.46 0.90±1.29 — —
PI-YD 5 378.40±198.53 1 431.00±97.70 466.00±32.62 148.20±24.05 51.60±3.05 14.00±5.14 1.20±1.62 0.10±0.32
PI-CD 2 316.90±157.68 433.60±44.19 116.80±19.46 38.60±25.33 13.80±20.64 9.60±22.34 7.00±21.79 7.00±21.79

Fig.7

Yarn hairiness removal rate"

Tab.2

Hairiness number of yarn calculation results before and after high smooth treatment"

纱线种类 毛羽总数/(根·(10 m)-1) 短毛羽数/(根·(10 m)-1) 有害毛羽数/(根·(10 m)-1) 短毛羽去除率/% 有害毛羽去除率/%
PI-YS 7 331.90±362.57 6 804.30±299.17 527.60±63.40 85.35 97.69
PI-CS 1 008.70±132.32 996.50±124.04 12.20±8.28
PI-YD 7 490.50±373.04 7 275.40±328.86 215.10±44.18 60.60 64.67
PI-CD 2 943.30±333.22 2 867.30±221.33 76.00±111.89

Tab.3

Yarn evenness test results"

纱线
种类		 不匀
率/%		 CV值/
%		 细节/
(个·km-1)		 粗节/
(个·km-1)		 棉结/
(粒·km-1)
-30% -50% +35% +50% +200%
PI-YS 13.28 17.01 3 485 150 765 100 395
PI-CS 13.25 16.90 3 895 150 720 130 755
PI-YD 9.14 11.52 490 — 60 — 30
PI-CD 9.70 12.25 820 — 160 — 70

Tab.4

Yarn mechanical property test results"

纱线
种类		 线密度
/tex		 断裂强力 断裂伸长率 断裂功 断裂强度
平均值/
cN		 CV值/
%		 平均值/
%		 CV值/
%		 平均值/
(cN·cm)		 CV值/
%		 平均值/
(cN·tex-1)		 CV值/
%
PI-YS 9.78 312.51 12.50 9.06 10.32 779.93 21.72 31.95 12.49
PI-CS 9.78 329.80 9.42 9.19 8.07 830.38 15.82 33.72 9.42
PI-YD 19.60 654.23 7.65 9.63 8.37 1 670.79 15.86 33.38 7.65
PI-CD 19.60 696.47 6.32 10.19 6.47 1 901.39 11.99 35.53 6.32

Fig.8

Wear-resisting properties of yarn"

Fig.9

Fabric style test results"

Fig.10

Results of fabric apparent structure. (a)Original yarn fabric; (b)High smooth treated yarn fabric"

Tab.5

Test results of fabric tensile mechanical property"

织物种类 弹性模
量/MPa		 拉伸应
变/%		 拉伸应
力/MPa		 断裂强
力/N
PI-YZ 经向 202.75 28.85 13.62 142.20
纬向 185.58 27.28 2.83 90.79
PI-CZ 经向 201.46 21.71 16.43 146.19
纬向 203.90 25.68 4.50 104.74

Fig.11

Test results of air permeability of fabric"

Fig.12

Fabric fuzz ball test results (a) and local image of pilling (b) (×60)"

Tab.6

Fabric friction electrostatic test results"

织物
种类		 峰值电
压/V		 衰减电
压/V		 衰减时
间/s		 电压下降百
分比/%
PI-YZ 467 348 60 25.5
PI-CZ 461 272 60 40.0
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