Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (06): 161-167.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220201401

• Dyeing and Finshing & Chemicals • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation and properties of flame-retardant viscose fabrics modified with phosphated polyethyleneimine

JIANG Zhiming1,2,3,4, ZHANG Chao1,2,3,4, ZHANG Chenxi1,2,3,4, ZHU Ping1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1. Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    2. College of Textile & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    3. National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    4. State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
  • Received:2022-02-11 Revised:2022-12-02 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-07-20
  • Contact: ZHU Ping E-mail:pzhu99@163.com

RichHTML

11

PDF (PC)

67

Abstract:

Objective As one of the most important regenerated cellulose materials, viscose fibers are easily flammable and it has potential threat to human lives and properties. Researches show that viscose textiles can obtain flame retardancy by flame-retardant additives and finishing. Compared with flame-retardant additives, textile finishing is easy to operate. 1,2,3,4-Butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), as a common cross-linker, has been widely applied to prepare functional cellulose textiles. However, its highly acidic condition may cause big strength loss of viscose fabrics. It is necessary to find an efficient way to reduce strength loss of flame-retardant viscose fabrics cross-linked with BTCA.
Method A multi-amino phosphated polyethyleneimine (BPEI-DP) was synthesized through simple Atherton-Todd reaction and applied to prepare flame-retardant viscose fabric crosslinking with BTCA. The design of BPEI-DP can decrease the acidic condition of BTCA and flame-retardant viscose fabric with low strength loss was achieved. Also, the BTCA crosslinking can improved the washing durability of flame-retardant viscose fabric. The flame retardancy, heat release, thermal stability, washing durability and mechanical properties were investigated.
Results The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the viscose fabric was found to increase to 28.9% after finishing with BPEI-DP and BTCA, and the treated fabric presented self-extinguishing behavior with no afterflame/aftergrow appearance and damage length of 9.9 cm in the vertical burning test (Fig. 2 and Tab. 1). The viscose fiber becomes rougher after flame-retardant finishing and some additional characteristic absorption peaks were appeared on the treated viscose fabric (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which indicates that flame retardancy was successfully deposited onto the viscose fibers. BPEI-DP/BTCA flame-retardant system showed significantly improvement in the carbon-forming ability of viscose fabric. The appearance of flame-retardant fiber was well maintained after combustion (Fig. 6). 40.0% and 14.8% of char residues were maintained at 800 oC under N2and air atmosphere, respectively(Fig. 7 and Tab. 2). From cone calorimetry test (CCT), it is found that the with maximum heat release rate(pHRR) was reduced by 34% from 284 kW/m2 to 189 kW/m2 (Fig. 8 and Tab. 3). The washing resistance of BPEI-DP/BTCA treated viscose fabric was comparable to that of Pyrovatex CP. LOI value has slight reduction along with the increase of washing cycles. After 20 standard washing cycles, LOI value decreased from 28.9% to 24.9%, which is much higher than control viscose fabric (Fig. 9). This flame-retardant finishing system effectively maintained the strength of flame retardant viscose fabric. The breaking forces in the warp and weft direction reduced from (406±18) N to (284±13) N and (254±6) N to (168±11) N, respectively. Compared with control viscose fabric, the strength retention rate could reach about 70% and the whiteness has a significant reduction from (77.6±0.3)% to (30.1±0.5)% after flame-retardant finishing (Tab. 4).
Conclusion This study provides ideas for the design and preparation of flame-retardant cellulose fabric with low strength loss. BPEI-DP can not only render viscose fabric with good flame retardancy through improving the char-forming capacity, but also reduce the strength loss of viscose fabric crosslinking with BTCA by decreasing its acidic condition. However, the washing durability of BPEI-DP/BTCA treated viscose fabric is unsatisfactory and this finishing system has bad effect on the whiteness of viscose fabric. Therefore, more efficient and friendly flame-retardant system need to be developed to improve the washing durability and inherent properties of flame-retardant fabric.

Key words: viscose fabric, phosphated polyethyleneimine, 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid, flame-retardant finishing, mechanical property

CLC Number: 

  • TS195.5

Fig. 1

Chemical structure of BPEI-DP"

Fig. 2

Digital photos of viscose fabrics treated with different concentration of BPEI-DP after vertical flammability test"

Tab. 1

LOI value and vertical flammability test results for viscose fabrics treated with different concentration of BPEI-DP"

BPEI-DP
质量浓度/
(g·L-1)		 负载量/
%		 LOI值/
%		 续燃时
间/s		 阴燃时
间/s		 损毁长
度/cm
0 0 21.0 18.1 50.0 ≥30.0
100 4.3 23.2 3.6 0 ≥30.0
200 9.1 24.1 1.5 0 ≥30.0
300 15.0 25.9 0 0 24.7
400 19.7 27.2 0 0 23.1
500 23.6 28.9 0 0 9.9

Fig. 3

FT-IR spectra of control and flame-retardant viscose fabrics"

Fig. 4

SEM images of control (a) and flame-retardant viscose fabric (b)(×2 000)"

Fig. 5

FT-IR spectra of char residue for flame-retardant viscose fabric"

Fig. 6

SEM images of char residue for flame-retardant viscose fabric"

Fig. 7

TG and DTG curves in nitrogen (a) and air(b)atmosphere of viscose fabric before and after flame-retardant treatment"

Tab. 2

Thermogravimetric data of viscose fabric before and after flame-retardant treatment"

样品名称 T5%/℃ Tmax/℃ 残炭量/%
Tmax时 800 ℃时
氮气 空气 氮气 空气 氮气 空气 氮气 空气
原粘胶织物 262 259 340 326 45.0 47.5 18.8 —
阻燃粘胶
织物		 167 214 270 269 74.5 76.7 40.0 14.8

Fig. 8

HRR (a) and THR (b) curves of control and flame-retardant viscose fabrics"

Tab. 3

Combustion data by cone calorimeter"

样品名称 pHRR/
(kW·m-2)		 THR/
(MJ·m-2)		 Av-EHC/
(MJ·kg-1)		 CO2与CO
质量比/
(kg·kg-1)
原粘胶织物 284 5.9 13.2 14.8
阻燃粘胶织物 189 5.7 11.2 9.9

Fig. 9

LOI values of flame-retardant viscose fabrics treated with BPEI-DP/BTCA and Pyrovatex CP after different washing cycles"

Tab. 4

Breaking force and whiteness of control and flame-retardant viscose fabrics"

样品名称 断裂强力/N 白度/%
经向 纬向
原粘胶织物 406±18 254±6 77.6±0.3
阻燃粘胶织物 284±13 168±11 30.1±0.5
[1] 于志财, 刘金如, 何华玲, 等. 基于高分子水凝胶的阻燃织物研究与应用进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(9): 180-186.
YU Zhicai, LIU Jinru, HE Hualing, et al. Research and application progress in fire retardant fabric based on polymeric hydrogel[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(9): 180-186.
[2] JU Z Y, YE Y, ZOU R Y, et al. Synthesis and thermal stability of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen containing intumescent flame retardant[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2008, 19(3): 277-278.
doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2007.12.022
[3] 丁辰, 刘晓辉, 任元林. 纤维素纤维织物阻燃研究进展[J]. 人造纤维, 2017, 47(5): 27-31.
DING Chen, LIU Xiaohui, REN Yuanlin. Research progress of flame-retardant cellulose fiber fabrics[J]. Artificial Fibre, 2017, 47(5): 27-31.
[4] JIANG Z M, XU D H, MA X B, et al. Facile synthesis of novel reactive phosphoramidate siloxane and application to flame retardant cellulose fabrics[J]. Cellulose, 2019, 26(9): 5783-5796.
doi: 10.1007/s10570-019-02465-2
[5] 张美静, 李文霞, 赵非祥. 棉用磷系无醛耐久阻燃剂的制备与应用[J]. 印染助剂, 2016, 33(1): 7-12.
ZHANG Meijing, LI Wenxia, ZHAO Feixiang. Preparation and application of durable non-formaldehyde flame retardants for cotton fabric[J]. Textile Auxiliaries, 2016, 33(1): 7-12.
[6] 张亚光, 李文霞, 姜鹏, 等. 棉用耐久型无醛阻燃剂的制备及应用[J]. 纺织学报, 2013, 34(3): 76-81.
ZHANG Yaguang, LI Wenxia, JIANG Peng, et al. Preparation and application of durable non-formaldehyde flame retardants for cotton[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2013, 34(3): 76-81.
[7] YANG H, YANG C Q. Nonformaldehyde flame retardant finishing of the Nomex/cotton blend fabric using a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer[J]. Journal of Fire Sciences, 2007, 25(5): 425-446.
doi: 10.1177/0734904107078069
[8] ZHANG C, JIANG Z M, ZHU S T, et al. Eco-friendly and efficient flame-retardant cotton fabric based on a multi-hydroxyl hyperbranched phosphoramidate[J]. Cellulose, 2021, 28(3): 1857-1872.
doi: 10.1007/s10570-020-03645-1
[9] MOHSIN M, AHMAD S W, KHATRI A, et al. Performance enhancement of fire retardant finish with environment friendly bio cross-linker for cotton[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013, 51: 191-195.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.031
[10] 张超, 蒋之铭, 朱少彤, 等. 超支化磷酰胺在粘胶织物阻燃整理中的应用[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(7): 39-45.
ZHANG Chao, JIANG Zhiming, ZHU Shaotong, et al. Application of hyperbranched phosphoramide in flame retardant finishing of viscose fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(7): 39-45.
[11] ZHANG C X, ZHANG C, JIANG Z M, et al. Design and preparation of flame-retardant cellulose fabric with low strength loss using polycarboxylic acid as cross-linker[J]. Industrial Crops & Products, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114738.
doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114738
[12] GUAN J P, YANG C Q, CHEN G Q. Formaldehyde-free flame retardant finishing of silk using a hydroxyl-functional organophosphorus oligomer[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2009, 94(3): 450-455.
doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.10.024
[13] ZHANG Q H, CHEN G Q, XING T L. Silk flame retardant finish by ternary silica sol containing boron and nitrogen[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 421: 52-60.
doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.283
[14] WAN C, LIU M, TIAN P, et al. Renewable vitamin B5 reactive N-P flame retardant endows cotton with excellent fire resistance and durability[J]. Cellulose, 2020, 27(3): 1745-1761.
doi: 10.1007/s10570-019-02886-z
[15] JIANG Z M, LI H, HE Y W, et al. Flame retardancy and thermal behavior of cotton fabrics based on a novel phosphorus-containing siloxane[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 479: 765-775.
doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.02.159
[16] XU D H, GAO Z Y, XU B, et al. A facile and effective flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric with α-aminodiphosphonate siloxane[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109312.
doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109312
[17] SRICHARUSSIN W, RYO-AREE W, INTASEN W, et al. Effect of boric acid and BTCA on tensile strength loss of finished cotton fabrics[J]. Textile Research Journal, 2004, 74(6): 475-480.
doi: 10.1177/004051750407400602
[18] KE G Z, XIAO Z H, JIN X Y, et al. Wrinkle recovery angle enhancement and tensile strength loss of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid finished lyocell fabrics[J]. Textile Research Journal, 2020, 90(17/18): 2097-2108.
doi: 10.1177/0040517520912035
[1] YANG Haifu, LUO Lijuan, SHI Jianjun, MA Xiaoguang, ZHENG Zhenrong. Preparation of flame-retardant and waterproof multifunctional polyester tarpaulin [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(06): 168-174.
[2] SONG Jie, CAI Tao, ZHENG Fuer, ZHENG Huanda, ZHENG Laijiu. Research on supercritical CO2 waterless dyeing property of polyester knitted shoe materials [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(05): 46-53.
[3] LUO Hailin, SU Jian, JIN Wanhui, FU Yaqin. Process optimization of novel silk reeling technique [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(04): 46-54.
[4] ZHU Weiwei, LONG Jiajie, SHI Meiwu. Release curve of nicotinamide from viscose fabrics and its model fitting [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(03): 139-146.
[5] HUANG Wei, ZHANG Jiayu, ZHANG Dong, CHENG Chunzu, LI Ting, WU Wei. Property characterization and comparative analysis of Lyocell fibers [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(03): 42-48.
[6] JIANG Bochen, WANG Yue, WANG Fujun, LIN Jing, GUO Aijun, WANG Lu, GUAN Guoping. Correlation of braiding parameters and mechanical properties of mechanically braided integrated esophageal covered stents [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(03): 88-95.
[7] CHEN Huanhuan, CHEN Kaikai, YANG Murong, XUE Haolong, GAO Weihong, XIAO Changfa. Preparation and properties of polylactic acid/thymol antibacterial fibers [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(02): 34-43.
[8] WANG Shudong. Structure and mechanical properties of three-dimensional porous biodegradable polymer artificial esophageal scaffold [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(12): 16-21.
[9] ZHANG Shucheng, XING Jian, XU Zhenzhen. Preparation and properties of multilayer sound absorption materials based on waste polyphenylene sulfide filter materials [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(12): 35-41.
[10] ZHANG Zhiying, WANG Yiqiu, SUI Jianhua. Study of hollow honeycomb molded composites reinforced by ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fabrics [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(11): 81-87.
[11] CHEN Kang, CHEN Gaofeng, WANG Qun, WANG Gang, ZHANG Yumei, WANG Huaping. Influence of heat-treatment tension in post-processing on structural properties of high modulus low shrinkage industrial polyester fibers [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(10): 10-15.
[12] FENG Yan, LI Liang, LIU Shuping, LI Shujing, LIU Rangtong. Photocatalytic synergistic efficiency of viscose fabric loaded with nitrogen carbon quantum dots/titanium dioxide [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(10): 112-118.
[13] GAO Feng, SUN Yanlin, XIAO Shunli, CHEN Wenxing, LÜ Wangyang. Microstructure and properties of polyester composite fibers with different drafting ratios [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(08): 34-39.
[14] SUN Ying, LI Duanxin, YU Yang, CHEN Jialin, FAN Wanyue. Degumming of hemp fibers using Fenton method and fiber properties [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(08): 95-100.
[15] HUANG Yaoli, LU Cheng, JIANG Jinhua, CHEN Nanliang, SHAO Huiqi. Thermal mechanical properties of polyimide fiber-reinforced polydimethylsiloxane flexible film [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(06): 22-28.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备14006648号
Copyright 2021 © Editorial office of Journal of Textile Research
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd