Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 79-87.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220303809

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Projectile penetration mechanism of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric/polyurea flexible composites

LIU Dongyan, ZHENG Chengyan, WANG Xiaoxu, QIAN Kun, ZHANG Diantang()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Jiangnan University), Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
  • Received:2022-03-09 Revised:2022-10-04 Online:2023-03-15 Published:2023-04-14

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Abstract:

Objective Fragmented pieces resulted from explosion on doors, windows and walls are hidden dangers threatening people's life and safety. At present, the explosion-proof equipment is used for high-efficiency, high-speed and large-area protection. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric/polyurea flexible composites received much attention recently owing to their low density, high performance, flexibility, corrosion resistance, outstanding intrusion resistance and portability. Therefore, it is important to understand the damage mechanism of UHMWPE fabric/polyurea flexible composites under the high-speed impact of broken fragments for engineering applications.

Method 15 mm angle-interlocked monolithic fabrics and laminated plain fabrics (single layer thickness of 0.39 mm, 40 layers) were used in this research. Flexible composites were manufactured by surface spraying with polyurea, named 2D-C and 3D-C, respectively. A 1.1 g wedge-headed cylindrical projectile was adopted to impact on the two types of UHMWPE fabric/polyurea flexible composites to obtain the ballistic limiting velocity V50, the specific energy absorption (SEA) and the backface deformation. Based on this, surface and internal damage morphology studies were carried out to reveal the intrusion damage mechanism.

Results In case of equal thickness, 3D-C panel demonstrates greater V50 and SEA values and a wider overall area of deformation on the backface with greater depth of backface signature. This is related to the fact that the binding warp yarns in the angle-interlock fabrics can transmit stress waves in the thick direction. In addition, the damage to the polyurea surface is minor for both types of composites. At the same time, computed tomo-graphy (CT) scans were carried out in the warp, weft, and thick directions of the local areas of the non-penetrating bullet holes of the two types of composites to study the penetration process and damage patterns in the non-penetrating state. In the thickness direction, the annular stripes near the 3D-C bullet holes is relatively denser and more pronounced, which is related to the fact that shock waves propagate faster in angle-interlock fabrics and that more yarns are involved in the energy dissipation. Cross-sectional profiles of 2D-C and 3D-C illustrate that 2D-C damage areas are dominated by massive fiber compression shear damage in both the warp and weft cross-sections at the upper end of the bullet hole. The compression shear damage to the fibers at the upper end of the 3D-C perforations is less severe than in 2D-C, but the tensile deformation of the top layer fibers is clearly visible in almost every cut. At the same time, four main types of damage areas were obtained by observing and counting the damage morphology of the two types of composites, and they are the perforated zone of the polyurea layer (Zone 1), the zone where the broken piece is caught (Zone 2), and the zone where the left and right sides of the broken piece are subjected to shearing and stretching (Zone 3, Zone 4). it can be seen that along the weft and warp directions after chip penetration 2D-C accounted for 54.82% and 69.98% of the damage in Zone 2. Cross-sectional view of 2D-C and 3D-C. However, 3D-C accounts for relatively little of the damage in Zone 2, with the main areas of damage being Zone 3 and Zone 4.

Conclusion The study showed that the resistance of the UHMWPE/polyurea flexible composites to projectile penetration has a significant fabric structure effect. The ballistic limiting velocity of the angle-interlock fabric-reinforced polyurea flexible composite is increased by 4.9% compared to that of the laminated plain fabric-reinforced polyurea flexible composite of the same thickness. For the unpenetrated UHMWPE/polyurea flexible composites, the penetration process involves mainly polyurea wrapping around the projectile, shear punching and fiber tensile fracture damage. The main failure modes for laminated plain fabrics are shear punch plugging and delamination failure, which for angle-interlock fabrics are mainly fiber tensile deformation and tensile fracture damage.

Key words: angle-interlocked fabric, flexible composite, projectile penetration, ballistic limit velocity, micro-CT technology, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

CLC Number: 

  • TB332

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of fabric lamination of two different structures. (a)Laminated plain fabrics;( b)Angle-interlocked fabrics"

Tab.1

Structural parameters of the fabric"

织物类型 尺寸/
(mm×mm)		 经纱线密
度/tex		 纬纱线密
度/tex		 经密/
(根·(10 cm)-1)		 纬密/
(根·(10 cm)-1)		 面密度/
(g·m-2)		 层数 厚度/mm 总质量/g
叠层平纹织物 300×300 133 133 68 73 169 40 15.31 606.32
角联锁织物 300×300 133 133×2 80 30 7438.1 1 15.34 660.81

Tab.2

Polyurea properties"

凝胶时间/
s		 (25±2) ℃
干燥时间/min		 拉伸强度/
MPa		 撕裂强度/
(N·mm-1)		 耐磨性/
(cm3·(1.61 km)-1)		 附着力/
MPa		 断裂伸长率/
%		 摩擦因数
15 ≤10 ≥20 ≥65 ≤0.36 ≥5.5 ≥380 0.75~0.85

Tab.3

Velocity distributions of 2D-C and 3D-C and damage areas of bullet holes in back surfaces"

试样类型 弹孔编号 弹片速度/(m·s-1) 弹击结果 V50/(m·s-1) SEA/(J·m3·kg-1) 损伤面积/mm2
2D-C 1 568.667 未穿透 559.2 272.01 1 450.68
2 569.476 未穿透 1 450.68
3 579.039 未穿透 1 450.68
4 585.138 穿透 1 884.96
5 586.338 穿透 1 727.88
6 606.466 穿透 1 507.97
3D-C a 600.420 未穿透 587.1 280.88 1 950.93
b 605.327 未穿透 2 186.55
c 609.570 未穿透 3 392.92
d 617.284 穿透 3 298.67
e 632.111 穿透 2 799.16
f 652.742 穿透 3 647.39

Fig.2

Macroscopic and microscopic damage morpbologies of ballet facing and back surface of 2D-C and 3D-C. (a) Ballet facing surface of 2D-C; (b) Ballet facing surface of 3D-C; (c) Ballet back surface of 2D-C; (d) Ballet back surface of 3D-C."

Fig.3

CT Scanning 3D schematic diagram of 2D-C non-penetrating bullet hole zone"

Fig.4

Reconstruction of fragments embedded into 2D-C and 3D-C"

Fig.5

Evolution of cross-sectional morphologies of 2D-C(a) and 3D-C(b) in thickness direction after fragment penetration"

Fig.6

Cross-sectional shapes of 2D-C in weft(a)and warp(b)directions after fragment penetration."

Fig.7

Cross-sectional profiles of 3D-C in weft(a)and warp(b)directions after fragment penetration"

Fig.8

Cross-sectional shapes of 2D-C and 3D-C along weft and warp directions after fragment penetration. (a)2D-C Weft direction cross section;(b)2D-C Warp direction cross section; (c)3D-C Weft direction cross section; (d)3D-C Warp direction cross section"

Tab.4

Most damaged length of 2D-C and 3D-C in weft and warp direction and ratio of four damaged zone to largest damaged zone"

复合材料
类型		 纬向损伤长度/
mm		 经向损伤长度/
mm		 纬向局部破坏区域占最大破坏区域的比值/% 经向局部破坏区域占最大破坏区域的比值/%
Zone1 Zone2 Zone3 Zone4 Zone1 Zone2 Zone3 Zone4
2D-C 15.56 28.02 16.4 54.82 7.07 38.11 21.66 69.98 19.3 10.71
3D-C 10.36 17.27 16.62 20.52 30 35.5 14.31 38.04 35.55 26.4
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