Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (08): 234-241.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220307102

• Comprehensive Review • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress in heat and moisture transfer model construction and application of cooling clothing incorporated with phase change materials

WU Junqiu1, LI Jun1,2,3(), WANG Min1,2   

  1. 1. College of Fashion and Design,Donghua University, Shanghai 200051,China
    2. Key Laboratory of Clothing Design and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
    3. Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing, Shanghai 200051, China
  • Received:2022-03-21 Revised:2022-10-25 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-09-21

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Abstract:

Significance Cooling clothing incorporated with phase change materials (PCMs) can provide thermal protection to the human body in extreme hot environments. Due to the capability of PCMs absorbing or releasing heat through phase change, heat transfer process of PCM clothing calls for comprehensive understanding. The poor moisture permeability and low surface temperature of the PCMs would not only impede water vapor transmission to the environment, but also increase the risk of moisture condensation, which makes the construction of heat and moisture transfer model of PCM clothing more complicated than that of ordinary clothing. Based on the analysis of the heat and moisture transfer mode and path in PCM clothing, the development process, characteristics and deficiencies of current heat and moisture transfer model were reviewed in this paper. The application status of heat and moisture transfer model in the development and performance optimization of PCM clothing was also discussed.

Progress At present, the development process of the model construction of PCM clothing was mainly divided into three stages (Tab. 1). In the first stage, the heat transfer model of the fabric-PCM was established with the enthalpy method. However, it was different from the actual heat transfer process because it neglected the effect of moisture transfer on energy conversion. In the second stage, the coupled heat and moisture transfer model of the fabric-PCM was established with the apparent heat capacity method, which considered the phase change during moisture transfer and its influence on energy conversion. In the third stage, the more complex coupled heat and moisture transfer model was established by using some optimized methods. For example, adding the solid desiccant layer onto the inner surface of PCMs to maintain dry cool microclimate air, placing the insulation layer onto the outer surface of PCMs to reduce the heat absorption from the hot environment, and adding the ventilation fan to enhance sweat evaporation. In addition, the established model was used for parametric study to provide suggestions for the development and performance optimization of PCM clothing. In the selection of PCMs, it was proposed to adjust the melting temperature, weight and distribution of PCMs according to the ambient temperature, working time and human physiological characteristics. When designing the working mode of ventilation fans, it was necessary to set the running time point of ventilation fans according to the human activity level or sweat production.

Conclusion and Prospect Although the model construction of PCM clothing has been developed from the heat transfer model to the coupled heat and moisture transfer model, problems exist. Firstly, existing models simplifies the air ventilation by fans as the air exchange between the clothing microclimate layer and the environment, and the air velocity and air layer thickness of each segment are regarded as uniformly distributed, so the influence of air ventilation on heat transfer is ignored. Then, due to the complexity of the radiative heat transfer process, existing models ignore or simplify the radiative heat transfer among human body, PCM clothing and environment. Besides, existing models regard the fabric as a porous medium with uniform thickness, and do not consider the influence of microcosmic factors such as fiber hygroscopic characteristics, yarn structure and the mixing ratio of each component in the cavities of the inner fabric layer on the thermal and humidity properties of PCM clothing. The future development trend is put forward as the multi-factor coupling of heat and moisture transfer, the dynamic simulation of air ventilation by fans, and the model construction changes from one dimension to multi-dimension and from macroscopic to microscopic.

Key words: numerical simulation, personal cooling clothing, phase change materials, heat transfer, moisture transfer

CLC Number: 

  • TS941.73

Fig. 1

Cooling clothing. (a) Phase change cooling clothing; (b) Hybrid cooling clothing"

Fig. 2

Heat transfer in human body-cooling clothing-environmental system. (a) Phase change cooling clothing; (b) Hybrid cooling clothing"

Fig. 3

Moisture transfer in human body-cooling clothing-environmental system. (a) Phase change cooling clothing; (b) Hybrid cooling clothing"

Tab. 1

Development process of models"

文献 相变过程
建模方法		 模型特点 重要结论和意义 模型存在的不足 时间
[25] 焓法 相变材料
干热传递模型		 不需要将液相、固相及两相移动界面分开处理 未考虑服装热阻对导热过程的影响 2011年
[26] 焓法 织物-相变材料
干热传递模型		 采用软件建模,可重复性高,适用于研究模型的影响因素 仅考虑传导散热 2015年
[28] 显热容法 织物-相变材料
热湿耦合传递模型		 可利用模型预测冷却服中各层的温度和蒸汽压 未考虑水分相态变化引起的能量交换 2016年
[29] 显热容法 织物-相变材料
热湿耦合传递模型		 考虑了水蒸气在相变材料表面冷凝释放的热量 冷凝位置未考虑全面 2016年
[31] 显热容法 织物-相变材料-干燥剂
热湿耦合传递模型		 考虑了干燥剂吸附热及相变材料、干燥剂与贴身织物之间的辐射热传递 湿传递和热湿耦合传递未考虑全面 2018年
[22] 显热容法 织物-相变材料-风扇
热湿耦合传递模型		 完善了不同水分传递形式时皮肤与贴身织物之间的热湿传递过程 仅考虑风扇驱动的强制对流,忽略了浮升力引发的自然对流 2018年
[15] 显热容法 织物-相变材料-风扇
热湿耦合传递模型		 方程适用于任意层,较为简洁 认为各节段的空气流速和空气层厚度呈均匀分布 2018年
[32] 显热容法 织物-相变材料-隔热层-
风扇热湿耦合传递模型		 减少了熔化过程中吸收的环境热量 将通风过程简化为衣下微气候与环境之间的空气交换 2018年
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